10 Questions
What method is used to transfer information between internal storage and external I/O devices?
I/O Interface
Which special hardware components supervise and synchronize all the input and output transfers between CPU and peripherals?
Interface Units
In which mode of transfer is each data item transfer initiated by an instruction in the program?
Programmed I/O
Which mode of transfer requires constant monitoring by the CPU of the peripheral devices?
Programmed I/O
From where does the information that is transferred from the CPU to the external device originate?
Memory Unit
What is the function of the Operation code (Opcode) field in a computer instruction?
Specifies the operation to be performed
Which instruction code format uses 12 bits of memory to specify an address and one bit to specify the addressing mode?
Memory-reference instruction
How are Register-reference instructions represented in terms of Opcode and the leftmost bit of the instruction?
Opcode 111 with a 0 in the leftmost bit
What differentiates Input-Output instructions from Register-reference instructions in terms of the leftmost bit of the operation code?
Input-Output instruction has a 1 in the leftmost bit
What does the Address field contain in a computer instruction?
Location of the operand, i.e., register or memory location
Study Notes
Input/Output Transfer
- Information is transferred between internal storage and external I/O devices using the Input/Output (I/O) transfer method.
I/O Controllers
- Special hardware components called I/O controllers supervise and synchronize all input and output transfers between the CPU and peripherals.
Programmed I/O
- In Programmed I/O, each data item transfer is initiated by an instruction in the program.
Interrupt-Driven I/O
- Interrupt-Driven I/O requires constant monitoring by the CPU of the peripheral devices.
Data Transfer Origin
- The information transferred from the CPU to the external device originates from the CPU.
Opcode Function
- The Operation code (Opcode) field in a computer instruction specifies the operation to be performed.
Instruction Code Format
- The instruction code format that uses 12 bits of memory to specify an address and one bit to specify the addressing mode is not specified, but it could be a variant of the Instruction Register (IR) format.
Register-Reference Instructions
- Register-reference instructions are represented in terms of the Opcode and the leftmost bit of the instruction, which is 0.
Input-Output Instructions
- Input-Output instructions are differentiated from Register-reference instructions in terms of the leftmost bit of the operation code, which is 1 for I/O instructions.
Test your knowledge about the method of transferring information between internal storage and external I/O devices, and the special hardware components used to interface the CPU with peripherals.
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