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Questions and Answers
What disease is caused by Trichinella?
What role does the clitellum serve in earthworms?
What is the function of the gizzard in an earthworm?
Which structure in an earthworm is responsible for the inward fold of the intestine?
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How is Trichinella primarily transmitted to humans?
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What is the primary function of the typhlosole in the intestine of an earthworm?
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Which structure in the starfish acts as a sieve to filter water for its vascular system?
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In the digestive process of a starfish, where does the partially digested food first move after leaving the pyloric stomach?
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What is the role of the left atrium in the circulatory system?
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What is the purpose of the setae found in earthworms?
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Which sequence correctly describes the flow of deoxygenated blood through the heart?
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Which component of a starfish secretes enzymes to aid in the digestion of food?
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During which step does blood gain oxygen and lose carbon dioxide?
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What covers the opening of the mouth in an earthworm?
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What is the role of the circular muscles in an earthworm?
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What function does the aortic valve serve in blood circulation?
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What function does the aortic arches serve in an earthworm?
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Which of the following correctly identifies blood flow from the heart to the lungs?
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What is the primary function of the gallbladder in the fetal pig?
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Which organ is responsible for breaking down food into smaller parts?
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Which structure allows air to enter the trachea and directs food toward the esophagus?
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What is the function of the small intestine in digestion?
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Where is the genital papilla located in female fetal pigs?
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What describes the role of the scrotum in fetal pigs?
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Which lung lobe configuration is true for the fetal pig?
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What is the main component of the gastric juices found in the stomach?
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What is the primary role of the meninges in the central nervous system?
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Which of the following layers of the meninges is considered the strongest?
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What is contained in the ventricles of the brain?
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Which ventricle is also known as the diencephalon?
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What does the sub-arachnoid space contain?
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How many ventricles are present in the brain?
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Which statement about the pia mater is true?
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What function do the meninges NOT serve?
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What primary function is associated with the temporal lobe of the brain?
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What role does the thalamus play in sensory processing?
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Which lobe of the brain is responsible for interpreting visual input?
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What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?
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Which structure is known as the 'gatekeeper to the cerebrum'?
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The parietal lobe is primarily involved in processing information from which of the following?
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Which of the following structures plays a significant role in producing feelings associated with sensations?
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Which part of the brain is located at the very back and is primarily responsible for interpreting visual images?
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Study Notes
Invertebrates
- Leucosolenia: A sponge; spicules deter predators and provide support. Spicules are made of calcium carbonate
- Cnidaria: Polyp - stationary, upward-facing mouth and tentacles. Medusa - free-swimming, downward-facing mouth and tentacles. Reproduction can be asexual (budding) or sexual (releasing sperm and eggs). Mouth is for food entry, digestion, and waste removal
- Planaria (flatworms): Have an eyespot, auricles (smell/touch), and a pharynx (excreting food).
Tapeworm
- Structure: Scolex (head) with hooks and suckers for attachment, proglottids (body segments)
- Function: Suckers and hooks help the tapeworm attach to the intestinal wall. Each proglottid has a digestive, male, and female reproductive organ. Proglottids at the end of the body have many fertilized eggs.
Hydra
- Tentacles: Covered in cnidocytes (hairs) with nematocysts (coiled stingers). These stingers inject venom to paralyze prey.
Trichinella
- Disease: Found in undercooked or raw meat, especially pork. Causes trichinellosis, leading to abdominal pain, muscle aches, and potential death if respiratory muscles fail.
Earthworm
- Clitellum: Produces mucus to glue worms together during mating. Hermaphrodites (both male and female reproductive organs
- Crop: Temporary storage for food
- Gizzard: Breaks down food using sand grains
- Typhlosole: Increases surface area of the intestine for more digestion and absorption
- Prostomium: Covers the mouth opening.
Starfish
- Madreporite: Sieve-plate to filter water for the water vascular system
- Digestive glands: Extend throughout the arms to partially digest food. Digestion is completed in the glands
- Ossicles: Parts of the endoskeleton providing support and protection.
- Gonads: Sex organs; release sperm and eggs in the seawater, causing fertilization
Fetal Pig
- Organs: Lungs, larynx, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, stomach.
Other Information
- Gallbladder: Stores and releases bile produced by the liver.
- Hard palate: Separates oral and nasal cavities.
- Soft palate: Posterior portion of the roof of the mouth
- Epiglottis: Flap that prevents food from entering the trachea
- Tongue: Movement of the tongue helps with digestion
Human Anatomy
- Larynx: Voice box, with vocal folds
- Liver: Converts excess glucose to glycogen, breaks down hemoglobin, detoxifies harmful compounds, and produces bile.
- Heart: A muscular pump that circulates blood to the body and lungs. The right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood via the pulmonary artery to lungs, and left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein and then to the left ventricle.
- Aorta: Carries oxygen-rich blood away from the left ventricle
- Pulmonary artery: Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
- Pulmonary vein: Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart
- Atria: Collect and pump blood. Right atrium receives blood from the body, and left atrium receives blood from lungs.
- Ventricles: Pump blood. Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs, and left ventricle pumps blood to the body.
- Mitral valve: Controls blood flow between left atrium and left ventricle.
- Tricuspid valve: Controls blood flow between right atrium and right ventricle.
- Path of blood flow: Deoxygenated blood enters through the vena cava to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, and then the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery to lungs and back to the left atrium via pulmonary vein, then mitral valve to left ventricle, then aortic valve to aorta, and to the rest of the body.
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Brain: Complex organ for controlling memory, thought, action, and other functions. Four lobes of the brain: frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and occipital lobe.
- Medulla oblongata: Controls heartbeat, blood pressure, respiration
- Corpus callosum: Connects the left and right hemispheres
- Cerebellum: Controls posture, balance and motor coordination
- Hypothalamus: Main role in homeostasis. Regulates body temperature, blood pressure, appetite, water balance
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Description
Test your knowledge on various invertebrates, including sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, and tapeworms. This quiz covers their structures, functions, and unique characteristics, like feeding mechanisms and reproductive strategies. Dive into the fascinating world of these creatures and discover how they survive in their environments.
