Invertebrates and Parasitic Worms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What disease is caused by Trichinella?

  • Hydatid disease
  • Cysticercosis
  • Leptospirosis
  • Trichinosis (correct)

What role does the clitellum serve in earthworms?

  • It acts as the main organ for respiration.
  • It is responsible for the storage of waste.
  • It helps in food digestion.
  • It produces mucus for gluing two worms together during mating. (correct)

What is the function of the gizzard in an earthworm?

  • It facilitates respiration.
  • It helps break up food using sand and muscular contractions. (correct)
  • It absorbs nutrients.
  • It stores food temporarily.

Which structure in an earthworm is responsible for the inward fold of the intestine?

<p>Typhlosole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Trichinella primarily transmitted to humans?

<p>Through undercooked or raw meat, especially pork. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the typhlosole in the intestine of an earthworm?

<p>To increase surface area for digestion and absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the starfish acts as a sieve to filter water for its vascular system?

<p>Madreporite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the digestive process of a starfish, where does the partially digested food first move after leaving the pyloric stomach?

<p>Cardiac stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the left atrium in the circulatory system?

<p>It receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the setae found in earthworms?

<p>To facilitate movement in soil (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly describes the flow of deoxygenated blood through the heart?

<p>Superior vena cava → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of a starfish secretes enzymes to aid in the digestion of food?

<p>Digestive glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which step does blood gain oxygen and lose carbon dioxide?

<p>In the pulmonary veins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What covers the opening of the mouth in an earthworm?

<p>Prostomium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the circular muscles in an earthworm?

<p>To control the movement of the earthworm's body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the aortic valve serve in blood circulation?

<p>It allows oxygenated blood to enter the aorta from the left ventricle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the aortic arches serve in an earthworm?

<p>They function as a heart to pump blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly identifies blood flow from the heart to the lungs?

<p>Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary trunk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the gallbladder in the fetal pig?

<p>Stores and releases bile (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is responsible for breaking down food into smaller parts?

<p>Stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure allows air to enter the trachea and directs food toward the esophagus?

<p>Epiglottis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the small intestine in digestion?

<p>Absorbs nutrients through diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the genital papilla located in female fetal pigs?

<p>Ventral to the anus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the role of the scrotum in fetal pigs?

<p>Protects the testicles and regulates temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lung lobe configuration is true for the fetal pig?

<p>The left lung has fewer lobes to accommodate the heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the gastric juices found in the stomach?

<p>Hydrochloric acid (C), Pepsin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the meninges in the central nervous system?

<p>Protects and supports the brain and spinal cord (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following layers of the meninges is considered the strongest?

<p>Dura mater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the ventricles of the brain?

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ventricle is also known as the diencephalon?

<p>Third ventricle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the sub-arachnoid space contain?

<p>Cerebrospinal fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ventricles are present in the brain?

<p>Four (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the pia mater is true?

<p>It is the thinnest layer of the meninges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function do the meninges NOT serve?

<p>Blood circulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary function is associated with the temporal lobe of the brain?

<p>Processing sensory information for hearing and smelling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the thalamus play in sensory processing?

<p>Relays and filters sensory information to the cerebral cortex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the brain is responsible for interpreting visual input?

<p>Occipital lobe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus?

<p>Maintaining homeostasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is known as the 'gatekeeper to the cerebrum'?

<p>Thalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parietal lobe is primarily involved in processing information from which of the following?

<p>Sensory receptors in the skin and mouth taste receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures plays a significant role in producing feelings associated with sensations?

<p>Thalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is located at the very back and is primarily responsible for interpreting visual images?

<p>Occipital lobe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Trichinella

A parasite found in raw or undercooked meat, specifically pork, causing trichinosis.

Trichinosis

Disease caused by Trichinella, with symptoms like muscle pain and potential death due to respiratory failure.

Earthworm Clitellum

The band-like structure on an earthworm that secretes mucus to help with mating.

Earthworm Hermaphroditism

Earthworms have both male and female reproductive organs.

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Earthworm Gizzard

Earthworm organ containing sand for grinding food.

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Typhlosole Function

Increases intestine surface area for enhanced digestion and absorption.

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Prostomium Location

Covers the mouth opening of an earthworm, in ventral view.

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Madreporite Function

Filters water for the water vascular system in a starfish.

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Digestive Glands' Role

Finish digesting food in starfish by secreting enzymes after it's partially digested.

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Earthworm Dorsal Blood Vessel

Located on the dorsal side of an earthworm.

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Starfish Ossicles

Tiny plates making up the internal skeletal structure of a starfish.

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Earthworm Internal View

A view showing the internal structures of an earthworm.

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Starfish Digestive Gland Location

Extend throughout each arm of a sea star.

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Fetal Pig Larynx

Part of the respiratory system, allowing air to enter and exit the lungs.

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Fetal Pig Lungs

Organs for gas exchange, taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

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Fetal Pig Trachea

The tube connecting the larynx to the lungs. It carries air to the lungs.

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Right Atrium Function

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

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Fetal Pig Heart

Muscular pump that circulates blood throughout the body.

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Left Ventricle Function

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

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Fetal Pig Epiglottis

A flap of tissue that covers the trachea when swallowing, preventing food from entering the lungs.

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Path of Blood Flow (Summary)

Deoxygenated blood enters the heart, travels to the lungs to pick up oxygen, and returns to the heart, ready to be pumped to the rest of the body.

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Brain's Key Role

Controls essential body functions and higher cognitive processes.

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Fetal Pig Genital Papilla

Structure that develops into the clitoris in female pigs, opening to female reproductive system.

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Fetal Pig Small Intestine

Organ where most nutrients are absorbed from digested food.

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Pulmonary Circulation

Blood flow between the heart and lungs, where blood picks up oxygen.

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Fetal Pig Gallbladder

Stores bile produced by the liver, which helps digest fats.

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Meninges

Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

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Dura Mater

Outermost, tough membrane of the meninges.

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Ventricles

Fluid-filled cavities within the brain.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid

Fluid within the ventricles that cushions and nourishes the brain.

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Lateral Ventricles

Two large ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere.

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Arachnoid

Thin, web-like membrane; located below the dura mater.

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Pia Mater

Innermost, delicate membrane of the meninges.

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Functions of Meninges

Protect, contain cerebrospinal fluid, and support the brain.

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Temporal Lobe Function

Processes hearing and smelling.

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Parietal Lobe Function

Receives sensory info from skin and taste receptors.

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Occipital Lobe Function

Interprets visual input and combines it with other senses.

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Thalamus Function

Relays sensory impulses to the cortex; filters info & controls sensations.

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Hypothalamus Function

Regulates homeostasis, the body's internal balance.

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Corpus Callosum

Connects the brain's two hemispheres (important for communication).

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Olfactory Nerve Role

Carries smell information to the brain.

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Optic Nerve Role

Carries visual information to the brain.

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Study Notes

Invertebrates

  • Leucosolenia: A sponge; spicules deter predators and provide support. Spicules are made of calcium carbonate
  • Cnidaria: Polyp - stationary, upward-facing mouth and tentacles. Medusa - free-swimming, downward-facing mouth and tentacles. Reproduction can be asexual (budding) or sexual (releasing sperm and eggs). Mouth is for food entry, digestion, and waste removal
  • Planaria (flatworms): Have an eyespot, auricles (smell/touch), and a pharynx (excreting food).

Tapeworm

  • Structure: Scolex (head) with hooks and suckers for attachment, proglottids (body segments)
  • Function: Suckers and hooks help the tapeworm attach to the intestinal wall. Each proglottid has a digestive, male, and female reproductive organ. Proglottids at the end of the body have many fertilized eggs.

Hydra

  • Tentacles: Covered in cnidocytes (hairs) with nematocysts (coiled stingers). These stingers inject venom to paralyze prey.

Trichinella

  • Disease: Found in undercooked or raw meat, especially pork. Causes trichinellosis, leading to abdominal pain, muscle aches, and potential death if respiratory muscles fail.

Earthworm

  • Clitellum: Produces mucus to glue worms together during mating. Hermaphrodites (both male and female reproductive organs
  • Crop: Temporary storage for food
  • Gizzard: Breaks down food using sand grains
  • Typhlosole: Increases surface area of the intestine for more digestion and absorption
  • Prostomium: Covers the mouth opening.

Starfish

  • Madreporite: Sieve-plate to filter water for the water vascular system
  • Digestive glands: Extend throughout the arms to partially digest food. Digestion is completed in the glands
  • Ossicles: Parts of the endoskeleton providing support and protection.
  • Gonads: Sex organs; release sperm and eggs in the seawater, causing fertilization

Fetal Pig

  • Organs: Lungs, larynx, trachea, heart, liver, spleen, small intestine, large intestine, stomach.

Other Information

  • Gallbladder: Stores and releases bile produced by the liver.
  • Hard palate: Separates oral and nasal cavities.
  • Soft palate: Posterior portion of the roof of the mouth
  • Epiglottis: Flap that prevents food from entering the trachea
  • Tongue: Movement of the tongue helps with digestion

Human Anatomy

  • Larynx: Voice box, with vocal folds
  • Liver: Converts excess glucose to glycogen, breaks down hemoglobin, detoxifies harmful compounds, and produces bile.
  • Heart: A muscular pump that circulates blood to the body and lungs. The right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood via the pulmonary artery to lungs, and left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein and then to the left ventricle.
  • Aorta: Carries oxygen-rich blood away from the left ventricle
  • Pulmonary artery: Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
  • Pulmonary vein: Carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the heart
  • Atria: Collect and pump blood. Right atrium receives blood from the body, and left atrium receives blood from lungs.
  • Ventricles: Pump blood. Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs, and left ventricle pumps blood to the body.
  • Mitral valve: Controls blood flow between left atrium and left ventricle.
  • Tricuspid valve: Controls blood flow between right atrium and right ventricle.
  • Path of blood flow: Deoxygenated blood enters through the vena cava to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle, and then the pulmonary valve, into the pulmonary artery to lungs and back to the left atrium via pulmonary vein, then mitral valve to left ventricle, then aortic valve to aorta, and to the rest of the body.
  • Brain: Complex organ for controlling memory, thought, action, and other functions. Four lobes of the brain: frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and occipital lobe.
    • Medulla oblongata: Controls heartbeat, blood pressure, respiration
    • Corpus callosum: Connects the left and right hemispheres
    • Cerebellum: Controls posture, balance and motor coordination
    • Hypothalamus: Main role in homeostasis. Regulates body temperature, blood pressure, appetite, water balance

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Description

Test your knowledge on various invertebrates, including sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, and tapeworms. This quiz covers their structures, functions, and unique characteristics, like feeding mechanisms and reproductive strategies. Dive into the fascinating world of these creatures and discover how they survive in their environments.

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