Biology: Phyla of Invertebrates
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic feature of the Bilateria group?

  • Bilateral symmetry (correct)
  • Asymmetry
  • Radial symmetry
  • No symmetry

    • Which phylum consists of terrestrial animals important for soil ecosystems?

  • Mollusca
  • Ectoprocta
  • Brachiopoda
  • Annelida (correct)

    • Which of the following phyla is not a subdivision of the Lophotrochozoa clade?

  • Annelids
  • Echinodermata (correct)
  • Platyhelminthes
  • Mollusca

    • What is the characteristic feature of the hydrostatic skeleton in Platyhelminthes?

    <p>It relies on a tough cuticle, muscle cells, and water pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the phylum Brachiopoda?

    <p>A hard exoskeleton and a lofophore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of annelids is characterized by having many bristles?

    <p>Polykita</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Oracle in Platyhelminthes?

    <p>To sense chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the Cestoda group?

    <p>They have a chain-like body composed of individual segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique reproductive feature of some annelids?

    <p>Asexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phyla is NOT a member of the clade Trochozoa?

    <p>Ectoprocta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the Rotifera group?

    <p>They have a corona (a ring of cilia) that creates a spinning motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of annelid is known for its parasitic nature and numbing saliva?

    <p>Leech</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the body of a nematode worm?

    <p>A round body that is not segmented with a pseudocoelom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of parasitic nematodes?

    <p>To focus energy on mating and breeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can nematodes be commonly found?

    <p>In soil and in the bodies of organisms including humans and pets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the digestive system of nematodes?

    <p>A tube within a tube design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are pinworms commonly found in homes?

    <p>Because they infect humans and other animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the hydrostatic skeleton of nematodes?

    <p>Muscles and a water-filled cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the exoskeleton in arthropods?

    <p>To serve as a place for muscle attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arthropod group is characterized by having six legs?

    <p>Hexapods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which arthropods shed their old exoskeleton to grow?

    <p>Ecdysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arthropod groups includes scorpions?

    <p>Chelicerates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of trilobites?

    <p>They are extinct arthropods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the notochord in chordates?

    <p>to anchor muscles and protect the dorsal nerve cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following echinoderm classes is characterized by having a long and flexible body?

    <p>Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the coelom in echinoderms?

    <p>to circulate nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of echinoderm fertilization?

    <p>external fertilization with gamete isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the circulatory system of echinoderms and that of chordates?

    <p>echinoderms use water to pump and fill their feet, while chordates use a heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of chordates, but not echinoderms?

    <p>spiny skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spongo coel in sponges?

    <p>To collect water before exiting through the osculum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criterion for classifying sponges?

    <p>The material of their endoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell is involved in digestion and nutrient distribution in sponges?

    <p>Archaeocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ostia in sponges?

    <p>To allow water to enter the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the class Hexactinellida of sponges?

    <p>Having six-pointed spicules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the 'pore-bearing' characteristic of sponges?

    <p>Porifera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the body organization of Cnidarians?

    <p>Diploblastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the gastrovascular cavity in Cnidarians?

    <p>Digestion and circulation of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the skeletal system of Cnidarians?

    <p>Hydrostatic skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the nerve system of Cnidarians?

    <p>Nerve net</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the class Anthozoa in Cnidaria?

    <p>Sea anemones and corals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Phylum Ctenophora?

    <p>Cilia combs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the radula in molluscs?

    <p>To scrape up food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adaptation of gastropods?

    <p>Loss of shell in slugs and squids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the molluscan body plan?

    <p>Three main body parts: foot, visceral mass, and mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the life cycle of many marine molluscs?

    <p>Inclusion of a ciliated larva, the trochophore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classes of molluscs is characterized by having oval shapes and shells divided into eight dorsal plates?

    <p>Polyplacophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the visceral mass in molluscs?

    <p>Contains most of the internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mantle cavity in terrestrial snails?

    <p>To facilitate gas exchange and serve as a lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gills in bivalves?

    <p>To filter small particles from the water for feeding and gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the radula in molluscs?

    <p>To capture prey and grind food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the adductor muscles in bivalves?

    <p>To open and close the shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cilia in bivalves?

    <p>To convey particles to the mouth for feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the excurrent siphon in bivalves?

    <p>To expel water from the mantle cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the radula in gastropods?

    <p>To scrape and ingest algae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of torsion during embryonic development in gastropods?

    <p>The reduction of bilateral organs on one side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the shells of abalones and limpets?

    <p>They are somewhat flattened</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the radula in some predatory gastropod species?

    <p>To bore holes into the shells of other organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of all living mollusc species that are gastropods?

    <p>Almost three-quarters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of movement used by some gastropods?

    <p>Rippling motion of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The majority of animals are classified in the evolutionary group known as Bilateria, characterized by bilateral symmetry.

    • Within the Bilateria clade, there are three subdivisions: Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, and Lophotrochozoa.

    • The Lophotrochozoa clade is a diverse group of animals, including Platyhelminthes, Annelids, Mollusca, and others.

    • Platyhelminthes, also known as flatworms, have a flattened body, compressed dorsoventrally, and are characterized by cephalization.

    • Platyhelminthes have a head region with sensory organs, including Oracle (chemo-receptors) and eye spots that detect light.

    • They have a gastrovascular cavity with a single opening for food and waste, and a hydrostatic skeleton that relies on a tough cuticle, muscle cells, and water pressure.

    • Subdivisions of Platyhelminthes include Turbellaria (free-living flatworms), Trematoda (flukes, parasitic flatworms), and Cestoda (tapeworms).

    • Turbellaria, such as planarians, are free-living and feed on decomposing matter or other organisms.

    • Trematoda, such as liver flukes, are parasitic and require multiple hosts to complete their life cycle.

    • Cestoda, such as tapeworms, are parasitic and have a chain-like body composed of individual segments (proglottids) that are attached to each other.

    • Rotifera, also known as wheel animals, are characterized by the presence of a corona (a ring of cilia) that creates a spinning motion.

    • Rotifera have a complete digestive system, a pseudo-coelom (a cavity between the ectoderm and endoderm), and are mostly parthenogenetic (reproducing without mating).

    • Brachiopoda, also known as lamp shells, are characterized by a feeding structure called a lofophore.

    • Brachiopoda have a mouth surrounded by cilia and a hard exoskeleton that is secreted by the mantle.

    • Ectoprocta, also known as bryozoans, are marine animals that form colonies and have a hard exoskeleton.

    • Mollusca, such as mollusks, are characterized by the presence of a mantle, a soft body, and a well-developed muscular foot.

    • Mollusca have a coelom (a body cavity) that is reduced in size, and a heart that is encased in the coelom.

    • Subdivisions of Mollusca include Polyplacophora (chitons), Gastropoda (snails and slugs), Bivalvia (clams and mussels), and Cephalopoda (octopuses and squids).

    • Annelids, such as earthworms and leeches, are characterized by the presence of a true coelom and a complete digestive system.

    • Annelids have a body that is divided into segments, each with a serial homolog (a similar structure), and some have setae (bristle-like extensions).

    • Earthworms are terrestrial annelids that are important for soil ecosystems.

    • Leeches are annelids that are parasitic and feed on the blood of other animals.

    • Some annelids, such as Christmas tree worms, have a concentration of sensory organs around the head region.- Earthworms can undergo asexual reproduction, where if cut in a specific location, each broken part can grow into a new worm, resulting in two worms from one.

    • Polykita is a class of annelids characterized by having many bristles, which can be seen on the lateral sides of the animal.

    • Oligokita is a class of annelids characterized by having few bristles, which can be felt as roughness on the body of an earthworm, similar to stubble on a man's face.

    • Earthworms are familiar animals, but some species in Australia can grow up to nine feet in length, comparable to the length of a python.

    • Hirudinea is a class of annelids that includes leeches, some of which are parasitic and secrete a numbing agent in their saliva, making it impossible to feel when they attach to the body.

    • Leeches can be found in waters and can attach to the body, but their local anesthetic properties make it difficult to detect their presence.

    • The clade Trochozoa includes a diverse range of invertebrates, including annelids and mollusks.

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    Invertebrate Lecture Outline (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge of invertebrate phyla, including characteristics and classifications of Platyhelminthes, Rotifera, Brachiopoda, Ectoprocta, Mollusca, and Annelids.

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