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Questions and Answers
What is the primary reason for classifying animals into different phyla?
What is the primary reason for classifying animals into different phyla?
- To determine their geographical distribution
- To categorize animals by size
- To understand evolutionary relationships and characteristics (correct)
- To group animals based on habitat only
Echiura and Hirudinea are both classified under the same phylum, Annelida.
Echiura and Hirudinea are both classified under the same phylum, Annelida.
True (A)
Define ecdysis and explain its significance in relation to Ecdysozoa.
Define ecdysis and explain its significance in relation to Ecdysozoa.
Ecdysis is the process of shedding the exoskeleton in arthropods, which allows for growth and classification within Ecdysozoa.
The exoskeleton of arthropods is primarily made of ______.
The exoskeleton of arthropods is primarily made of ______.
Match the following structures with their corresponding functions in arthropods:
Match the following structures with their corresponding functions in arthropods:
Which class under phylum Arthropoda is known for undergoing complete metamorphosis?
Which class under phylum Arthropoda is known for undergoing complete metamorphosis?
Polychaetes contain trochophore larvae in their reproductive cycle.
Polychaetes contain trochophore larvae in their reproductive cycle.
In Annelida, __________ is the term used to describe the segmented body plan.
In Annelida, __________ is the term used to describe the segmented body plan.
What is cryptobiosis in tardigrades?
What is cryptobiosis in tardigrades?
Velvet worms use oral papillae to capture and subdue prey.
Velvet worms use oral papillae to capture and subdue prey.
Identify one morphological characteristic that taxonomists use to differentiate between species of nematodes.
Identify one morphological characteristic that taxonomists use to differentiate between species of nematodes.
In sponges, water flows from the ostia to the atrium and finally exits through the ______.
In sponges, water flows from the ostia to the atrium and finally exits through the ______.
Match the following types of nematodes with their characteristics:
Match the following types of nematodes with their characteristics:
Which of the following characteristics is unique to phylum Porifera?
Which of the following characteristics is unique to phylum Porifera?
All priapulids have free-living larvae.
All priapulids have free-living larvae.
Describe one strategy farmers can use to limit the presence of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs).
Describe one strategy farmers can use to limit the presence of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs).
Flashcards
Hydrostatic Skeleton
Hydrostatic Skeleton
A type of skeleton found in many invertebrates that relies on internal fluid pressure to provide support and enable movement.
Metamerism
Metamerism
The segmented body plan of annelids, with each segment having its own set of organs and structures.
Ecdysis
Ecdysis
The process by which arthropods shed their exoskeletons to grow.
Open Circulatory System
Open Circulatory System
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Ecdysozoa
Ecdysozoa
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Hemimetabolous insect development
Hemimetabolous insect development
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Holometabolous insect development
Holometabolous insect development
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Insect gas exchange
Insect gas exchange
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What are tardigrades?
What are tardigrades?
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Where are tardigrades found?
Where are tardigrades found?
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What is cryptobiosis?
What is cryptobiosis?
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Why do nematodes have a round cross-section?
Why do nematodes have a round cross-section?
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What anatomical structure do plant parasitic nematodes have?
What anatomical structure do plant parasitic nematodes have?
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What is the cuticle of nematodes made out of?
What is the cuticle of nematodes made out of?
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Why are nematodes included in the Ecdysozoa?
Why are nematodes included in the Ecdysozoa?
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What is the life history strategy of nematomorphs?
What is the life history strategy of nematomorphs?
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Study Notes
Invertebrate Zoology Exam 1 Study Guide
- Important Concepts: Exam covers material from the first week to the last lecture before the exam. Pay close attention to bolded terms in powerpoints. Know the names of phyla, reproduction strategies, habitats (marine, terrestrial, freshwater), and key differences between similar phyla.
Week 1: Introduction to Invertebrates
- Themes: Reasons for studying invertebrates, contribution of invertebrates to the world, evolution of unicellular life, classification systems (based on embryology, development, body symmetry, body cavities), phylogenetic trees and their importance, and why classification is crucial.
Week 2: Phylum Annelida; Hydrostatic Skeleton
- Hydrostatic Skeleton: Function, how it works (e.g., muscles), its suitability for aquatic environments, role of paired longitudinal and circular muscles in locomotion.
- Phylum Annelida: Defining characteristics, metamerism, role of septa in locomotion, major groups (and their differentiating features), species distribution (errant vs. sessile), life history strategies (e.g., deep-sea thermal vents, epitoky, trochophore larvae), and differences between Hirudinea, Oligochaeta, and Polychaeta reproduction.
Weeks 3&4: Phylum Arthropoda and Related Phyla (Onychophora, Tardigrada)
- Phylum Arthropoda: Defining characteristics, reasons for success (especially insects), exoskeleton composition, role in locomotion, ecdysis (molting) and its use in classification.
- Onychophora, Tardigrada: Similarities to arthropods, locomotion strategies, feeding strategies, and other distinguishing features.
Week 5: Phylum Nematoda and Related Phyla (Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera)
- Phylum Nematoda: Round cross-section, distinguishing characteristics among species, placement within the Ecdysozoa, cuticle structure, limited locomotion compared to annelids, plant parasitic nematodes (adaptations, strategies to combat them), important parasites like Onchocerca volvulus, potential for eradication, and criteria for species to be considered for eradication.
- Related Phyla: Cycloneuralia characteristics, Nematomorpha (lack of a digestive tract, life cycle), Priapulida (locations, larval forms), Kinorhyncha and Loricifera features, locomotion, and larval developmental strategies.
Week 6: Phyla Porifera and Placozoa
- Phylum Porifera: Defining characteristics, cell types and functions, ostia, atrium, osculum, water flow, gemmules, different body constructions, spicules use in classification, sponge diversity (class distribution), Venus's flower basket and symbiotic relationships, and strategies for sexual and asexual reproduction.
- Phylum Placozoa: Defining characteristics (covered in class).
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Description
Prepare for your Invertebrate Zoology Exam with this comprehensive study guide. It covers key topics such as phyla, reproduction strategies, and habitats. Focus on understanding important concepts, including classification systems and the hydrostatic skeleton of Phylum Annelida.
