Invertebrate Zoology: Phylum Protozoa Quiz

Questions and Answers

What type of nutrition do members of the Class Mastigophora exhibit?

Parasitic only

Heterotrophic only

Chemosynthetic only

Holophytic and saprophytic (correct)

How does Euglena primarily move through water?

By using cilia to propel itself

By sinking and floating in the water column

By contracting its body in a wave-like motion

By swimming in a spiral path using its flagellum (correct)

What substance is the product of photosynthesis in Euglena?

Cellulose

Paramylum (correct)

Glycogen

Starch

What effect does direct sunlight have on Euglena?

Euglena swims away from it Signup and view all the answers

What happens to Euglena when there is a change in light intensity?

It may stop or swim backward Signup and view all the answers

Which feature of Euglena's flagellum allows it to facilitate movement?

A central rod-like elastic core Signup and view all the answers

How does Euglena reproduce?

By binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Monocystis, belonging to the Class Sporozoa, is known to be parasitic in which organism?

Earthworms Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary means of locomotion for organisms in the class Sarcodina?

Pseudopodia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of stimulus that may evoke movement in Amoeba?

Mechanical Signup and view all the answers

In which environment do the majority of Sarcodina species primarily live?

Marine aquatic environments Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic process is NOT exhibited by Amoeba?

Photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of reaching optimum growth in Amoeba?

It divides into two Signup and view all the answers

What disease can be caused by the Amoeba, potentially leading to fatality?

Amebic dysentery Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in the context of Amoeba and disease?

They break down the intestinal wall. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the growth pattern of Amoeba?

It grows by increasing in volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary environmental requirement for protozoans?

Availability of sufficient moisture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly characterizes protozoans?

Mostly single-celled and microscopic Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates free-living protozoa from parasitic protozoa?

Free-living protozoa can inhabit a variety of environments Signup and view all the answers

How many different species of protozoans are known to live in humans?

Approximately 25 species Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the classification of protozoans?

Classified based on the presence or absence and nature of movement organs Signup and view all the answers

Which protozoan is known for living in the blood of higher animals?

Plasmodium Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique feature of spore- or cyst-bearing protozoans?

They can withstand dry conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary significance of Phylum Protozoa?

It contains the simplest of all animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of reproduction in Amoeba?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is used by Class Mastigophora for feeding?

The cytostome Signup and view all the answers

What feature characterizes the morphology of Class Mastigophora?

Elongated body with a tough elastic membrane Signup and view all the answers

How does a Euglena absorb its prey?

By phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of cytoplasm present in Class Mastigophora?

Endoplasm and ectoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the contractile vacuoles in the structures of Class Mastigophora?

Discharge of fluid from the reservoir Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the body of organisms in Class Mastigophora due to structure development?

Striated and elongated Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gullet in the feeding process of Mastigophora?

It serves as a canal for the escape of fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial action taken by the infected female Anopheles mosquito that leads to Plasmodium infection in humans?

Injecting saliva contaminated with sporozoites during feeding Signup and view all the answers

Where do Plasmodium sporozoites first invade after being injected into the human bloodstream?

Liver cells (hepatocytes) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproductive cycle occurs in the liver cells during the Plasmodium life cycle?

Schizogonous cycle Signup and view all the answers

What structures are formed in the liver containing many merozoites?

Schizonts Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of Plasmodium emerges in red blood cells after the initial hepatic phase?

Trophozoites Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of merozoites developing into gametocytes?

They are consumed by mosquitoes during a blood meal. Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle in Paramecium is responsible for everyday metabolic functions?

Macronucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of Paramecium when initially observed?

Cigar-shaped Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Kingdom Protista

Composed of three main types: animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like protozoa.
Examples include Paramecium (animal-like), Euglena (plant-like), and slime molds (fungus-like).

Phylum Protozoa

Simplest and lowest evolutionary level among invertebrates.
Key environmental requirement: presence of moisture; only cyst or spore forms survive drying.

Characteristics of Protozoa

Mostly single-celled and microscopic, except in large populations.
Two main types:
- Free-living (found in freshwater, saltwater, and moist environments).
- Parasitic (found in various animals, inhabiting digestive tracts or blood).

Classification of Protozoans

Based on movement organs: presence or absence and their nature.

Class Sarcodina

Locomotion via pseudopodia, formed by pushing out ectoplasm.
Movement can be stimulated by contact, chemicals, heat, and electricity.
Species primarily inhabit marine environments; some are parasitic.

Metabolism and Growth

Processes include ingestion, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, secretion, excretion, and respiration.
Amoeba can cause amebic dysentery through ingestion of contaminated food/water.

Reproduction in Sarcodina

Reproduces through binary fission when optimum growth is reached.

Class Mastigophora

Free-living and mostly found in freshwater; sometimes not visible individually.

Morphology and Cytology of Mastigophora

Elongated shape with a pointed posterior and blunt anterior.
Two types of cytoplasm: ectoplasm (dense) and endoplasm (fluid).
Features a cytostome and a gullet leading to a reservoir.

Nutrition

Holophytic nutrition via chlorophyll, producing paramylum (starch-like substance).
Also saprophytic, absorbing organic substances from the environment.

Locomotion

Euglena exhibits shape changes and squirming movements; locomotion primarily via flagellum.

Behaviour and Reproduction of Mastigophora

Euglena shows phototactic responses, swimming towards light and away from sunlight.
Reproduces via binary fission.

Class Sporozoa

Includes Plasmodium, responsible for malaria, and Monocystis, which is parasitic in earthworms.

Life Cycle of Plasmodium

Entered when an infected Anopheles mosquito feeds on human.
Sporozoites invade liver cells, undergo schizogony, and produce merozoites.
Merozoites develop into ring forms, trophozoites, and gametocytes, which are taken up by mosquitoes, completing the life cycle.

Class Infusoria

Example: Paramecium, lives in freshwater environments, often cigar-shaped.
Contains a macronucleus responsible for metabolic functions.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various classifications within the Phylum Protozoa in Invertebrate Zoology. This quiz covers key concepts about animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like protists, focusing on important examples such as Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena, and slime molds. Prepare to demonstrate your understanding of this fascinating group of organisms!