Invertebrate Phyla and Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic that distinguishes millipedes from centipedes?

  • Millipedes have one pair of legs per segment.
  • Millipedes are primarily carnivorous.
  • Millipedes have poison claws.
  • Millipedes have two pairs of legs per segment. (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes the body structure of insects?

  • Body divided into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. (correct)
  • Body composed of multiple identical segments.
  • Body featuring four pairs of legs and a hard carapace.
  • Body divided into two parts: head and abdomen.

    • What type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified by ants protecting aphids?

  • Predation
  • Parasitism
  • Commensalism
  • Mutualism (correct)

    • Which statement about crustaceans is correct?

    <p>Crustaceans typically possess two pairs of antennae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of metamorphosis do insects undergo distinct larval and pupal stages?

    <p>Complete metamorphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is unique to Phylum Nematoda?

    <p>Two-opening digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Trichinella infection?

    <p>Consuming raw pork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is used by tapeworms to attach to their host's intestines?

    <p>Scolex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of circulatory system is found in Phylum Annelida?

    <p>Closed circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Class Oligochaeta?

    <p>Lack of appendages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is NOT associated with echinoderms?

    <p>Presence of an exoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for respiration in Annelids?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the body plan of Phylum Nematoda?

    <p>Unsegmented with a pseudocoelom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following echinoderms is specifically mentioned as a filter feeder?

    <p>Sea lily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the water vascular system in sea stars?

    <p>Locomotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do eye worms typically enter the host?

    <p>Through the bite of a fly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organism lacks an anus and is typically filtered or detritus feeder?

    <p>Brittle star</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feeding mechanism do sea urchins primarily employ?

    <p>Grazing herbivores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the skin structure that gives echinoderms their spiny appearance?

    <p>Endoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body shape characterizes sea cucumbers?

    <p>Cylindrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical feature that facilitates respiration in many echinoderms?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes invertebrates from vertebrates?

    <p>Invertebrates lack a backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phyla contains sponges?

    <p>Phylum Porifera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of body symmetry is characterized by multiple planes of symmetry?

    <p>Radial symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about coelom is correct?

    <p>Coelom is a fluid-filled cavity containing internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'cephalization' in evolutionary biology?

    <p>The concentration of nerves and sensory organs in the anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms belongs to the phylum Nematoda?

    <p>Roundworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about protostomes is true?

    <p>The blastopore becomes the mouth in early development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of Phylum Annelida?

    <p>Body is segmented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nephridia in organisms?

    <p>Excretion of nitrogenous wastes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of mollusks is characterized by a two-part hinged shell?

    <p>Class Bivalvia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arthropods?

    <p>Endoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is primarily used for movement in gastropods?

    <p>Broad muscular foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of animals are characterized by their lack of appendages and parasitic lifestyle?

    <p>Leeches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary circulatory system type found in cephalopods?

    <p>Closed circulatory system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organisms is a member of the class Cephalopoda?

    <p>Octopus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is involved in the feeding and predatory behavior of chelicerates?

    <p>Chelicerae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is characteristic of Bivalves when they reach adulthood?

    <p>They typically become sessile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the body plan of mollusks?

    <p>Four body parts including foot and mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of organisms belonging to the phylum Porifera?

    <p>They have a body cavity absent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the coelom is true?

    <p>It is completely lined by mesoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cnidarians exhibit which type of body symmetry?

    <p>Radial symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class within Phylum Cnidaria is known for having the medusa body form?

    <p>Class Scyphozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of body cavity do flatworms possess?

    <p>Acoelom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the feeding mechanism of sponges?

    <p>They are filter feeders using collar cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the flame cells in turbellarians like Planaria?

    <p>To excrete excess water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the life cycle of Trematoda, particularly flukes?

    <p>Their life cycle typically involves more than one host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of the body plan of flatworms?

    <p>They exhibit cephalization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of Cnidarians does not have a sessile polyp stage?

    <p>Class Scyphozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Invertebrate Phyla

    • Kingdom Animalia includes invertebrates and vertebrates
    • Invertebrates lack a backbone
    • Eight invertebrate phyla are: Porifera (sponges), Cnidaria (cnidarians), Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nematoda (roundworms), Annelida (segmented worms), Mollusca (mollusks), Arthropoda (arthropods), and Echinodermata (echinoderms).

    Invertebrate Characteristics

    • Animals are eukaryotic, multicellular, and heterotrophic
    • Animals have specialized cells
    • Cell specialization
    • Early development (protostomes vs. deuterostomes)
    • Body symmetry (asymmetry, radial, bilateral)
    • Cephalization (concentration of sensory organs at the head)
    • Body cavity (acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate)

    Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

    • Porifera are aquatic, filter feeders
    • They have a porous body and lack true tissues or organs.
    • Their bodies are asymmetrical
    • Sponges have a water flow system
      • Water enters through pores, flows through the central cavity, and exits through an opening called the osculum.
    • Sponges have amoeboid cells that build spicules which help digest food

    Phylum Cnidaria (Cnidarians)

    • Cnidarians have radial symmetry
    • Cnidarians are primarily carnivorous
    • Their bodies are composed of two layers of cells
    • Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity with one opening
      • Tentacles have nematocysts which inject toxins into prey
    • Cnidarians can exist in polyp or medusa body forms

    Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

    • Flatworms have bilateral symmetry
    • They are unsegmented and have a simple body plan.
    • Flatworms have a one opening digestive system
    • Flatworms are free-living or parasitic
    • Flatworms have a layered structure
      • Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

    Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)

    • Roundworms have bilateral symmetry
    • They are unsegmented and have a complete digestive system with two openings.
    • Roundworms have a fluid-filled pseudocoelom
    • Roundworms are free-living or parasitic.

    Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms)

    • Segmented worms exhibit bilateral symmetry; their bodies have numerous segments.
    • Their digestive systems have two openings.
    • They have a closed circulatory system and nephridia, excretory organs that filter wastes from the blood
    • Annelids have a coelom body cavity

    Class Polychaeta (Polychaetes)

    • Polychaetes are primarily marine
    • They have bristles on their segments called parapodia.
    • They are mostly filter feeders

    Class Oligochaeta (Oligochaetes)

    • Oligochaetes include earthworms; they live in terrestrial and freshwater environments
    • They have fewer bristles than polychaetes.
    • Oligochaetes are largely detritivores

    Class Hirudinea (Leeches)

    • Leeches are mostly freshwater; some are terrestrial
    • Leeches have suckers at both ends of their bodies and lack bristles
    • Leeches are blood-sucking external parasites

    Phylum Mollusca (Mollusks)

    • Mollusks have a soft body
    • Some mollusks, like the clams, have a shell
    • A mollusk's body consists of a foot, mantle, shell, and visceral mass.
    • Mollusks have bilateral symmetry.
    • Mollusk digestive systems have two openings.

    Class Bivalvia (Bivalves)

    • Bivalves include clams, oysters, scallops, and mussels.
    • They have two-part hinged shells and wedge-shaped feet for burrowing.
    • They are mostly sessile as adults.

    Class Gastropoda (Gastropods)

    • Most have spiral, chambered shells
    • Some gastropods lack shells completely; examples are snails and slugs.
    • A distinctive head is present in gastropods
    • Aquatic or terrestrial

    Class Cephalopoda (Cephalopods)

    • Cephalopods, such as octopuses, squids, nautiluses, and cuttlefish, have a closed circulatory system
    • Their foot is divided into tentacles, and they have well-developed nervous systems.

    Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)

    • Arthropods have segmented bodies with jointed appendages
    • Arthropods have exoskeletons made of chitin
    • Arthropods possess an open circulatory system
    • They undergo metamorphosis in some instances
    • Arthropods have three germ layers, a coelom body cavity, bilateral symmetry, and a cephalized nervous system

    Subphylum Trilobita (Trilobites)

    • Trilobites are extinct marine arthropods; they were known from fossil records.
    • Each appendage of the trilobite was divided into a gill and a walking leg

    Subphylum Chelicerata (Chelicerates)

    • Chelicerates have mouthparts called chelicerae (for biting or sucking) and pedipalps (for prey capture)
    • Chelicerates may lack antennae but have two-part bodies

    Subphylum Uniramia (Uniramians)

    • Uniramians are primarily terrestrial; they have almost all terrestrial representatives
    • They have one pair of antennae
    • Centipedes, millipedes, and insects are all uniramians

    Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)

    • Centipedes have long bodies consisting of numerous segments and one pair of legs per segment
    • They have poison claws for feeding
    • Centipedes are carnivorous

    Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

    • Millipedes possess long bodies with numerous segments and two pairs of legs per segment.
    • Millipedes are mostly herbivorous

    Class Insecta (Insects)

    • Insects have three-part bodies (head, thorax, abdomen)
    • Insects usually have three pairs of legs and one or two pairs of wings.
    • Some insects undergo complete metamorphosis

    Subphylum Crustacea (Crustaceans)

    • Crustaceans are mostly aquatic and have two pairs of antennae
    • Mouthparts are called mandibles, and their bodies are covered by a carapace

    Phylum Echinodermata (Echinoderms)

    • Echinoderms have radial symmetry as adults
    • Echinoderms have a water vascular system that functions in locomotion and feeding; it transports fluid around an organism.
    • Echinoderms have a calcareous endoskeleton

    Sea Lilies and Feather Stars

    • Sea lilies and feather stars are filter feeders
    • Their feeding and respiration occur through feathery arms, and they have long feathery arms.

    Sea Stars

    • These echinoderms are star-shaped, carnivorous, and bottom dwellers
    • Their mouths are on the bottom/lower part of their bodies, and their anuses are on top. Examples are crown-of-thorns, sea stars, and sun stars

    Brittle Stars and Basket Stars

    • Brittle stars and basket stars have small body disks and lack an anus
    • Most of them are filter feeders or detritus feeders

    Sea Urchins and Sand Dollars

    • These echinoderms are covered in spines that comprise their shell
    • They are mostly herbivorous or detritus feeders

    Sea Cucumbers

    • Sea cucumbers have leathery, cylindrical bodies with feeding tentacles on one end
    • They are mostly detritus or filter feeders; the endoskeleton is greatly reduced

    Invertebrate Systems

    • Six major invertebrate systems include skeletal, digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, and nervous.
    • Invertebrates exhibit various skeletal systems, including exoskeletons and endoskeletons.

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    Invertebrates Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the diverse world of invertebrates in this quiz covering the eight major phyla of the Kingdom Animalia. Dive into their unique characteristics, evolutionary trends, and specific features of phylum Porifera. Test your knowledge on the fundamental differences between invertebrates and vertebrates as well.

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