Invertebrate Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the skin gills in a sea star?

Detecting light and dark

Providing structural support

Aiding in locomotion

Facilitating respiration and waste removal (correct)

Which structure in a sea star can be everted to digest food outside its body?

Pyloric Stomach

Cardiac Stomach (correct)

Gonads

Digestive Glands

What is the purpose of the ossicles in a sea star?

To aid in feeding

To facilitate locomotion

To provide protection and structure (correct)

To sense light

What connects the radial canals to the stone canal in a sea star?

Ring Canal Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for nutrient exchange between a fetal pig and its mother?

Umbilical Cord Signup and view all the answers

What role does the diaphragm play in respiration?

It assists in the mechanical process of breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the epiglottis in mammals?

To prevent food from entering the trachea during swallowing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lungs?

Production of vocal sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique structural feature of Grantia that distinguishes it under a microscope?

Tubular shape with spicules Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is common to both Hydra and Grantia as observed under a microscope?

Tubular structure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the clitellum in earthworms?

Reproduction by secreting a cocoon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for grinding up food particles in earthworms?

Gizzard Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is characterized by having a scolex and proglottids?

Taenia pisiformis Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the madreporite in sea stars?

Entrance to the water vascular system Signup and view all the answers

In which organism would you expect to find a fold in the intestine called the typhosole?

Earthworm Signup and view all the answers

What defines the primary body form of cnidarians?

Two basic body forms with tentacles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

Coordinating muscle movements and maintaining posture Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Controlling heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What role does the pituitary gland play in the body?

Controlling other glands and body functions Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily responsible for vision?

Occipital Lobe Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for processing auditory information?

Temporal Lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the corpus callosum?

Connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

What structure serves as a relay station for sensory information?

Thalamus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain controls involuntary functions such as digestion?

Brain Stem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?

Where the major part of digestion occurs. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure directly connects the small and large intestines?

Cecum Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the liver in the body?

Produces bile, detoxifies metabolites, and produces blood-clotting proteins. Signup and view all the answers

Where does blood get oxygenated after leaving the right ventricle?

In the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the coronary artery?

Supplies blood to the heart muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Stores urine. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

Ureters Signup and view all the answers

What role does the spleen play in the circulatory system?

Filters blood and helps fight infections. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Grantia

Sponge
Tubular shape under microscope
Spicules present

Hydra

Freshwater cnidarian
Tubular structure with tentacles under microscope

Sea Anemone

Marine, predatory
Columnar body with crown of tentacles

Aurelia Ephyra

Small, free-swimming organisms with a star-like shape
Ephyra stage of Aurelia (jellyfish)

Cnidarians Body Forms

Polyp: Tubular, attached form ex. Sea anemones
Medusa: Bell-shaped, free-swimming form ex. Jellyfish

Planarian

Flatworm
Elongated flat organism with a triangular head under microscope
Pharynx: Extends from the mouth for ingestion
Eyespots: Light sensitive structures
Three germ layers

Taenia pisiformis

Tapeworm
Long, flat worm, distinct head (scolex) with multiple body segments (proglottids)
Scolex: Head with hooks and suckers for attachment
Proglottids: Body segments containing reproductive organs
Mature proglottids: Break off and release eggs
Parasitic

Roundworms

Cuticle: Protective outer layer
Digestive tract: Complete, with mouth and anus
Many are parasitic
Bilateral symmetry

Earthworms

Prostomium: First body segment, covers mouth, senses environment
Setae: Bristles on segments for gripping and locomotion
Clitellum: Thick ring for reproduction, secretes cocoon for eggs

Earthworms: Internal Structures and Functions

Intestines: Digests food, absorbs nutrients
Gizzard: Grinds food
Crop: Stores food
Seminal Vesicles: Store sperm
Typhosole: Fold in intestine, increases surface area for digestion

Sea Stars: External Structures and Functions

Madreporite: Sieve-like structure, water filter for water vascular system
Entrance to Water Vascular System: Water enters for locomotion, feeding and respiration
Spine: Hard structures for protection
Skin Gills: Tube-like structures for respiration and waste removal
Eyespot: At end of each arm, senses light and dark

Sea Stars: Internal Structures and Functions

Ossicle: Calicified elements for endoskeleton
Skeleton: Provides structure and protection
Digestive Glands: Produce enzymes to break down food
Gonads: Reproductive organs
Cardiac Stomach: Everted to engulf and digest food outside the body
Pyloric Stomach: Digestion continues after the cardiac stomach
Stone Canal: Pumps water to tube feet in water vascular system
Ring Canal: Encircles mouth, connects radial canals to stone canal
Ampullae: Sacs control tube feet movement

External Structures of a Fetal Pig

Umbilical Cord: Connects fetus to mother's placenta for nutrient and waste exchange
Urogenital Papilla: Female, exit point for urinary and genital tracts
Scrotum: Male, sac containing testes
Anus: Exit point for waste from digestive system

Oral Cavity Structures

Epiglottis: Flap covering trachea during swallowing, prevents food from entering lungs
Hard Palate: Bony front of palate
Soft Palate: Fleshy, flexible part towards back of mouth
Tongue: Assists with taste, speech, and food manipulation
Teeth: Chew and break down food

Respiratory Structures

Trachea: Windpipe, connects pharynx, larynx and lungs
Larynx: Voice box, contains vocal cords
Lungs: Organs responsible for gas exchange
Bronchus: Main passageway into lungs
Diaphragm: Muscle for breathing

Digestive Structures

Esophagus: Tube connecting throat and stomach
Stomach: Major part of digestion occurs
Small Intestine: Most nutrient absorption occurs
Large Intestine: Absorbs water, forms feces
Rectum: Final section of large intestine, terminating at anus
Gall Bladder: Stores bile from liver
Liver: Produces bile, detoxifies, produces blood clotting proteins
Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes and hormones
Spleen: Filters blood, fights infections
Cecum: Pouch connected to small and large intestine junction

Circulatory Structures

Left/Right Atrium: Receives blood returning to heart
Left/Right Ventricle: Pumps blood out of heart
Aorta: Main artery, carries blood from heart to body
Aortic Arch: Bend in aorta between ascending and descending aorta
Coronary Artery: Supplies blood to heart muscle
Vena Cava: Largest vein, carries blood from body to heart
Pulmonary Artery: Carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

Reproductive Structures

Urogenital Opening: Exit point for genital and urinary systems
Penis: Male reproductive organ
Oviduct: Tube for egg/ovum transportation from ovary

Excretory Structures

Kidney: Filters blood, produces urine
Ureters: Tubes carrying urine from kidneys to bladder
Urinary Bladder: Stores urine
Urethra: Tube for urine from bladder to outside the body

Path of Blood from the Right Side of the Heart to the Aorta

Blood enters right atrium from superior and inferior vena cava
Moves to right ventricle via tricuspid valve
Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs through pulmonary artery
Blood oxygenates in lungs, returns to heart and enters left atrium
Moves to Left ventricle through mitral valve
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to body through aorta

Main Structures of the Brain and Their Functions

Cerebrum: Largest part, divided into hemispheres, controls voluntary actions, speech, senses, and thought processes
Cerebellum: Back of brain, coordinates muscle movements, maintains posture and balance
Diencephalon: Includes thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal gland
- Thalamus: Relays sensory information
- Hypothalamus: Regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep, emotions and behavior
- Pineal Gland: Produces melatonin, regulates sleep-wake cycles
Brain Stem: Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
- Midbrain: Controls eye movement, processes visual and auditory information
- Pons: Controls breathing, transfers information between cerebrum and cerebellum
- Medulla Oblongata: Controls involuntary functions like heart rate, blood pressure, digestion
Corpus Callosum: Connects hemispheres allowing communication
Pituitary Gland: Master gland, produces hormones controlling other glands
Gyrus: Ridge
Sulcus: Shallow groove

Four Lobes of the Cerebrum and Their Functions

Frontal Lobe: Problem-solving, decision-making, planning, voluntary movement and speech
Temporal Lobe: Processes auditory information, memory, speech, and language understanding
Parietal Lobe: Processes sensory information, spatial sense and navigation
Occipital Lobe: Responsible for vision

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Description

Test your knowledge on various invertebrates, including sponges, cnidarians, and flatworms. This quiz covers their structural characteristics and life stages. Dive into the fascinating world of aquatic organisms and their unique features.