Questions and Answers
What is a primary function of honor culture?
What psychological mechanism supports adherence to honor norms among men?
In honor cultures, how is women's infidelity generally perceived?
What tends to occur regarding men's responses to women's romantic rejection in honor cultures?
Signup and view all the answers
How might IPV prevention programs effectively address honor culture issues?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'pluralistic ignorance' refer to in the context of honor culture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a typical consequence of endorsing masculine honor beliefs among individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
How do people in honor cultures generally view husbands who act aggressively towards unfaithful wives?
Signup and view all the answers
What behaviors might women display in honor cultures to maintain their social standing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following characteristics is generally associated with honor cultures?
Signup and view all the answers
What best defines self-concept?
Signup and view all the answers
How does personal identity primarily differ from social identity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key component of cultural identity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is social identity associated with?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes cultural identity according to the given definitions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of interactions with others in developing self-concept?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the definition of sex in the context of gender identity?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement best describes the concept of polyculturalism?
Signup and view all the answers
What factors influence the formation of a person’s gender identity?
Signup and view all the answers
How does multiculturalism affect adolescent well-being?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of sex/gender diversity recognition worldwide?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference between sex and gender?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of LGBTI individuals report hiding their sexuality or gender identity at work?
Signup and view all the answers
What mental health issue is reported to be three times more prevalent among LGBTI individuals compared to non-LGBTI individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
At what age do LGBTI individuals, on average, come out to others?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the experience of individuals with multiple minority identities resulting in compounded disadvantage?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following examples illustrates intersectionality?
Signup and view all the answers
How do sex roles differ from gender roles?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average age when LGBTI individuals typically engage in their first romantic relationship?
Signup and view all the answers
What common issue contributes to poorer mental health in LGBTI individuals compared to non-LGBTI individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Acknowledgement of Country
- La Trobe University recognizes the lands of Traditional Custodians in Australia and their connection to the land.
- Committed to providing opportunities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people through education and partnerships.
Learning Objectives
- Differentiate two cultural identity definitions.
- Understand concepts like sex, gender, gender identity, sexual orientation, and gender role ideology.
- Explain intersectionality and its role in increasing disadvantage.
- Identify cultural differences correlating with gender/sex role ideology.
Sexual Orientation
- Defined as enduring emotional, romantic, and sexual attraction to others, independent of behavior.
- Distinctions include:
- Heterosexuality: Attraction to the opposite sex.
- Homosexuality: Attraction to the same sex.
- Bisexuality: Attraction to both sexes.
- Pansexuality: Attraction regardless of sex/gender identity.
- Sexual orientation identity develops typically through milestones, with individual variability.
Gender Differences in Sexual Orientation
- Awareness of attraction occurs at an average age of 12.7 years; self-identification as LGB+ occurs around 17.8 years.
- Women's sexual orientation may be more fluid than men's, with men typically reaching milestones earlier.
Gender Similarities Hypothesis
- Research by Hyde indicates most gender differences in various domains (cognition, communication, etc.) are small or negligible, except for sexuality and physical aggression.
- Critique of Hyde's conclusion includes:
- Small differences may significantly impact health and social issues.
- Need for understanding the context of gender differences across societies.
- Address potential essentialism due to binary gender assumptions.
Male Health and Help-Seeking
- Men display reluctance to seek professional psychological help compared to women, often due to shame and fear.
- Male gender norms promote emotional stoicism and resilience, discouraging open vulnerability.
Honor Culture and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)
- Approximately 30% of women experience IPV globally, with variations in statistics by country.
- Honor culture involves aggressive responses to perceived threats to reputation, affecting both men and women’s behavior and societal expectations.
- Men are expected to exhibit toughness and aggression, while women are expected to maintain sexual purity and loyalty.
Impact of Honor Culture on IPV
- Honor culture can exacerbate IPV. Men may justify aggression against women who violate honor norms, and societal views may favor aggressive responses to rejection.
- IPV prevention strategies should challenge honor-based gender dynamics to improve women's safety and health awareness.
IPV Prevention Recommendations
- Programs can focus on increasing awareness of the dangers posed by honor norms.
- Addressing pluralistic ignorance can help reduce aggressive behavior in honor cultures by enlightening men about the misalignment between aggressive norms and private opposition.
Cultural Identity
- Cultural identity involves the connection and identification with specific ethnic or national cultures.
- Multiculturalism promotes maintaining a bicultural identity, enhancing health and well-being, especially during adolescence.
- Polyculturalism allows individuals to blend influences from multiple cultures, resulting in a polycultural identity associated with positive intercultural relationships.
Sex, Gender, and Gender Identity
- Sex is defined by biological factors: chromosomes, anatomy, hormones, and reproductive functions; it exists on a continuum rather than a strict binary.
- Intersex or sex diversity affects about 1-2% of the population due to atypical prenatal sexual development.
- Gender is influenced by cultural definitions of male/female roles, with gender identity forming as early as age 3 and possibly evolving over time.
- Global recognition of sex/gender diversity is increasing, leading to the decriminalization of homosexuality and a shift away from traditional binary gender norms.
Identity Concepts
- Self-concept encompasses beliefs, perceptions, and ideas individuals hold about themselves, shaped by social interactions.
- Identity comprises personal characteristics that distinguish an individual, including roles and responsibilities.
- Social identity reflects an individual's involvement in specific social groups, encapsulating emotional significance and value of belonging, based on Tajfel's theory.
Cultural Identity Definitions
- Cultural identity emerges from socioculturally transmitted knowledge and information, suggesting shared contexts among group members.
- A significant number of LGBTI individuals conceal their identities in various settings: 39% at work, 42% at social events, 34% when accessing services.
- Mental health issues among LGBTI people in Australia are concerning; experiences of abuse and depression are three times higher than non-LGBTI peers.
Intersectionality
- Individuals often belong to multiple social categories (gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity, etc.), leading to complex identities.
- Intersectionality highlights the compounded disadvantages individuals face when holding multiple minority identities, such as being a Black, Hispanic, lesbian, and atheist person.
- Support resources are typically less accessible for those with intersecting minority statuses compared to single-identity groups.
Gender Constructs
- Sex roles refer to biologically based behaviors and attitudes traditionally associated with males and females, such as childbearing and breastfeeding.
- Gender roles reflect societal expectations and cultural norms regarding the behaviors considered appropriate for each gender.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the concepts of gender and norms in the context of psychology in this quiz based on Lecture 3. This material draws from Heine Chapter 6 and Guimond's 2008 work. Test your understanding of how social norms shape our perceptions of gender roles.