Hegemonic Masculinity and Gender Norms
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of hegemonic masculinity?

Hegemonic masculinity is the maintenance of practices that institutionalize men's dominance over women.

What are the three components of hegemonic masculinity, as outlined by Sharon Bird?

Emotional detachment, competitiveness, and the sexual objectification of women.

Why does hegemonic masculinity persist, though some males do not agree with these three components?

It persists because if men do not participate in the three components, they are considered not masculine and instead very feminine.

Being masculine means being not _____________.

<p>feminine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Schrock and Schwalbe, what is a form of collective practice?

<p>Gender.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Also according to Schrock and Schwalbe, masculinity is not just 'a capacity to exert control' but also to...?

<p>Resist being controlled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gender normativity?

<p>The belief that males are naturally masculine and have penises and that females are naturally feminine and have breasts and ovaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gender policing?

<p>Gender policing is forcing someone to dress and act the way the average person within that gender acts or dresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the homophobic taunting of a man actually a sexist ideology against women?

<p>A man who wants to have sex with another man is like a woman - which is to say, less than a man. It devalues women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In looking at the rise in popularity of 'multiculti' action narratives, what other genre histories does Mary Beltran consider?

<p>Buddy-cop films, ghetto films, and urban missionary films.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do contemporary action films reflect a shift in U.S. ethnic demographics?

<p>Many producers and manufacturers started capitalizing on the evolution of places representing other races, rather than just white.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The key to survival in multicultural action narratives is __________________.

<p>Cultural Competence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Beltran, is The Fast and the Furious white-centric? If so, why?

<p>Yes, because most of the characters look white and the film privileges a white centrist perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is racebending in relation to Hollywood films, and why is it problematic?

<p>Racebending is playing the role of, or casting someone in the role of, someone of different race or ethnicity. It is problematic because it emphasizes white superiority.</p> Signup and view all the answers

With what novel did the popularization of the term 'chick lit' begin?

<p>Bridget Jones's Diary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genre do chick flicks belong to?

<p>They can be anything.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Production Code-era screwball comedies of the 1930s, what replaced images and scenarios of sex?

<p>Witty banter, verbal foreplay, fast talking dame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the differences between feminism and postfeminism?

<p>Feminism is political and questions femininity, while postfeminism is personal and desires a return to femininity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hegemonic feminism?

<p>Hegemonic feminism concerns the perspectives and values of white, middle-class heterosexual women who overlook other races and sexual orientations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Brasfield, what are two ways in which Sex and the City maintains a hegemonic feminist discourse?

<p>The subjectivity of the main characters and the exploiting of marginalized groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ethnocentric storylines?

<p>Story lines based around the ethnicity of a character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Marcia Yudkin, what are the three levels of identity?

<p>Biological, social, and psychological.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the myths surrounding bisexuality and the purpose these myths serve?

<p>The myths are that bisexuals prefer one sex over the other and that bisexuality is a transition phase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideological purpose of the American Dream?

<p>It gives people hope that hard work leads to success and upward social mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes merit in a world of meritocracy?

<p>Innate talents, working hard, having the right attitude, and moral character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some setbacks to the following types of merit?

<p>Innate talent: has to be identified, working hard: definitions vary, right attitude: subjective, strong moral character: not always rewarded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the culture of poverty, why are people poor?

<p>People are poor because of deviant or pathological values passed on from generation to generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you have to worry about where your next paycheck or meal is coming from, you are forced to be ____________-oriented.

<p>present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is social gravity?

<p>Forces that tend to keep people in the places they already occupy, regardless of effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some non-merit barriers to success?

<p>Inheritance, social and cultural capital, bad luck, education, and discrimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Cinderella myth part of upward mobility narratives?

<p>The Cinderella myth suggests that a physical transformation is part of achieving success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For author Winn, how does Working Girl specifically critique the upper class?

<p>Working Girl critiques the shallow upper class by showing they lack good character.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Working Girl side-step patriarchal and structural barriers to success?

<p>Tess sees her style and class status as preventing her from getting ahead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For author Garnets, what are the four central issues to consider in relation to discussions on sexual orientation?

<p>Conceptualization, development, new perspectives, and intersections with other aspects of diversity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the old paradigms of conceptualizing sexual orientation?

<p>Assumes people are easily classifiable as either hetero or homosexual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the new paradigms of conceptualizing sexual orientation?

<p>Posits sexual orientation as flexible, complex, and multifaceted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the single-most factor in determining one's sexuality?

<p>There isn't one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of relationships do women have versus the types of relationships men have?

<p>Women are relationship/partner centered whereas men are recreational/body centered.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five converging dimensions that LGB members experience alongside other minority groups?

<p>Stereotypes, discrimination, hostility/violence, identity development, and group solidarity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are three divergences that LGB members encounter unique issues that other minority groups do not experience?

<p>Confronting the decision to 'come out', sexual orientation as an 'achieved identity', and fluidity of sexual orientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the 1960s, how was the celluloid homosexual depicted, and why?

<p>Depicted as sadists, psychopaths, and anti-social villains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was homosexuality removed from the DSM as a 'mental illness'?

<ol start="1973"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What were the Stonewall riots of 1969, and why were they significant?

<p>The first time an entire community became visible and fought back, considered a pivotal moment in the history of gay liberation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Henry A. Giroux, what is the U.S. national identity connected to?

<p>The mythic march of progress and prosperity at home and the noble effort to export democracy abroad.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the ideology of nationalism carried out?

<p>Through social construction built on inclusions and exclusions regarding history, citizenship, and national belonging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways in which we see new nationalism being expressed today?

<p>Backlash on multiculturalism, English-only movement, education reforms demanding national curriculum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'real American' imply?

<p>It refers to the biblical-belt, rural part of America dominated by whites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'Welcome to the Men's Club: Homosociality and the Maintenance of Hegemonic Masculinity'?

<p>Sharon R. Bird.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'The New Hollywood Racelessness: Only the Fast, Furious, and Multicultural Will Survive'?

<p>Mary C. Beltran.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'Men, Masculinity and Manhood Acts'?

<p>Douglas Schrock and Michael Schwalbe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack'?

<p>Peggy McIntosh.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'Chick Flicks and Chick Culture'?

<p>Suzanne Ferris and Mallory Young.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'Sex and the City: Exposing the Hegemonic Feminist Narrative'?

<p>Rebecca Brasfield.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'The Meritocracy Myth'?

<p>Stephen J. McNamee and Robert K. Miller Jr.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'Moralizing Upward Mobility: Investigating the Myth of Class Mobility in Working Girl'?

<p>J. Emmett Winn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'Sexual Orientations in Perspective'?

<p>Linda D. Garnets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People'?

<p>Jack G. Shaheen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the article: 'National Identity and the Politics of Multiculturalism'?

<p>Henry A. Giroux.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hegemonic Masculinity

  • Hegemonic masculinity maintains practices that institutionalize men's dominance over women.
  • Key components include emotional detachment, competitiveness, and sexual objectification of women, all reinforcing male dominance and separation from females.

Persistence of Hegemonic Masculinity

  • Hegemonic masculinity persists despite some males disagreeing because non-participation leads to perceptions of being less masculine.

Gender Norms and Policing

  • Being masculine often equates to being not feminine.
  • Gender normativity posits that males are inherently masculine and females inherently feminine.
  • Gender policing enforces conformity to traditional gender roles, dictating how individuals should dress or act.

Sexual Orientation and Ideology

  • Homophobic taunting reflects a sexist ideology that devalues women by equating male same-sex desire with femininity.
  • Biased views of bisexuality perpetuate myths, such as bisexuals being indecisive or in denial about their true sexual orientation.

Multiculturalism in Media

  • "Multiculti" action narratives reflect evolving U.S. demographics, showcasing diverse ethnic representation and interests.
  • Cultural competence is essential for success in multicultural narratives.
  • Critiques of films like The Fast and the Furious highlight a white-centric perspective.

Gender and Relationships

  • Women typically maintain relationship-centered connections, while men are more recreationally or body-centered in their relationships.
  • Four central issues for LGB discourse include identity conceptualization, development, intersectionality with other minority experiences, and discrimination.

Meritocracy and Social Mobility

  • The American Dream suggests hard work leads to success, but merit is often influenced by social and cultural capital, discrimination, and other non-merit barriers.
  • The culture of poverty suggests that values influencing poverty are passed through generations, often seen as anti-work or anti-success.

Historical Context of Sexual Orientation

  • In the 1960s, media portrayals of homosexuals were negative, depicting them as villains.
  • Homosexuality was removed from the DSM as a mental illness in 1973, marking a significant shift in societal views.

National Identity and Nationalism

  • The U.S. national identity is tied to the myth of progress and prosperity, affecting inclusion and exclusion in the national narrative.
  • Modern expressions of nationalism include backlash against multiculturalism and the promotion of singular national identities.

Key Authors and Articles

  • Sharon R. Bird: "Welcome to the Men's Club: Homosociality and the Maintenance of Hegemonic Masculinity"
  • Mary C. Beltran: "The New Hollywood Racelessness: Only the Fast, Furious, and Multicultural Will Survive"
  • Douglas Schrock & Michael Schwalbe: "Men, Masculinity and Manhood Acts"
  • Rebecca Brasfield: "Sex and the City: Exposing the Hegemonic Feminist Narrative"
  • Stephen J. McNamee & Robert K. Miller Jr.: "The Meritocracy Myth"
  • J. Emmett Winn: "Moralizing Upward Mobility: Investigating the Myth of Class Mobility in Working Girl"
  • Linda D. Garnets: "Sexual Orientations in Perspective"
  • Jack G. Shaheen: "Reel Bad Arabs: How Hollywood Vilifies a People"
  • Henry A. Giroux: "National Identity and the Politics of Multiculturalism"

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Description

This quiz explores the concept of hegemonic masculinity, its persistence, and its effects on gender norms and sexual orientation. It delves into how societal expectations shape male behaviors and the implications for both men and women. Additionally, it discusses gender policing and its role in reinforcing traditional gender roles.

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