Introductory Chemistry Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass that's composed of atoms that form as molecules.

Which of the following are examples of visible or microscopic matter? (Select all that apply)

Dust (correct)

Steel (correct)

Air (correct)

Wood (correct)

What are the common states of matter?

Liquid (correct)

Solid (correct)

Plasma

Gas (correct)

Match the following types of solids with their descriptions:

Crystalline = Atoms or molecules arranged in geometric patterns with long-range, repeating order Amorphous = Atoms or molecules without long-range order Signup and view all the answers

What is a crystalline solid?

Atoms or molecules arranged in geometric patterns with long-range, repeating order. Signup and view all the answers

What is an amorphous solid?

Atoms or molecules do not have long-range order. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a liquid state of matter?

Atoms or molecules are close to each other but are free to move around and by each other. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a gaseous state of matter?

Atoms or molecules are separated by large distances and are free to move relative to one another. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two forms that matter and its composition can come in?

Pure substance and mixture. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pure substance?

A substance composed of only one type of atom or molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What is an element?

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is a compound?

A pure substance composed of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that are combined in proportions without being chemically combined. Signup and view all the answers

How can mixtures be classified based on their uniformity?

Homogeneous mixture Signup and view all the answers

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A mixture where the composition varies from one region to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A mixture where the composition is the same throughout. Signup and view all the answers

Matter can be either or __.

pure substance or mixture. Signup and view all the answers

Pure substances can be or _.

element or compound. Signup and view all the answers

Mixtures can either be _ or __.

homogeneous or heterogeneous. Signup and view all the answers

What can mixtures be composed of?

Two or more elements, two or more compounds, or a combination of both. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ways to tell matter apart?

Physical and chemical properties. Signup and view all the answers

What are properties in chemistry?

Characteristics that distinguish one substance from another. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Matter

Defined as anything with mass that occupies space, composed of atoms forming molecules.
Although it may seem smooth, matter's properties derive from its atomic and molecular structure.

Types of Matter

Visible matter includes solid objects like steel, water, wood, and plastic.
Microscopic matter comprises air and microscopic dust, all made of atoms.

States of Matter

Solid: Atoms or molecules are closely packed, maintaining a fixed volume and rigid shape with limited movement.
Liquid: Atoms or molecules are close yet can move around each other, having a fixed volume but taking the shape of their container.
Gas: Atoms or molecules are far apart, allowing for compressibility and taking the shape and volume of their container.

Types of Solids

Crystalline Solids: Atoms or molecules are arranged in a long-range, repeating geometric pattern. Examples include salt and diamond.
Amorphous Solids: Atoms or molecules lack long-range order, such as in glass, rubber, and plastic.

Classification of Matter

Matter and its composition can exist as Pure Substances or Mixtures.

Pure Substances

Consist of a single type of atom or molecule. Examples include helium and water.
Can be classified into two categories: Elements (indivisible) and Compounds (composed of multiple elements in fixed proportions).

Elements

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances through chemical means.

Compounds

Combinations of two or more elements in fixed ratios. Decomposable into simpler substances. Common examples include water and table salt.

Mixtures

Composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules that are physically combined, not chemically. Common in everyday life, including juice, air, and soil.

Types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous Mixture: Composition varies from one region to another, such as oil and water.
Homogeneous Mixture: Uniform composition throughout, such as sweetened tea.

Additional Classifications

Mixtures can contain two or more elements, two or more compounds, or a combination of both.

Properties of Matter

Physical and chemical properties help distinguish different substances.
Properties are characteristics that set one substance apart from another.

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Description

Dive into Chapter 3 of Introductory Chemistry with these flashcards covering key concepts related to matter. Learn the distinctions between visible and microscopic matter along with definitions and properties of matter. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of foundational chemistry concepts.