Chemistry Chapter 1: Matter and Its Properties

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of matter?

Anything that has weight and can be seen.

Anything that occupies space and has mass. (correct)

Only substances that are solid at room temperature.

Any substance that can react chemically.

Which of the following is a physical property of matter?

Reactivity with acid

Combustibility

Density (correct)

Flammability

Which state of matter is considered the most energetic?

Plasma

Solid

Liquid

Gas (correct)

Which of the following represents an extensive property?

Mass Signup and view all the answers

What type of change is represented by ice melting into water?

Physical change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is used to separate mixtures into their component substances?

Filtration Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a chemical property?

Reactivity with base Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'volume' refer to in the context of matter?

The amount of space taken up by a substance. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a homogeneous mixture?

Air inside the room Signup and view all the answers

What type of matter is table sugar classified as?

Compound Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following demonstrates a heterogeneous mixture?

Oil and water Signup and view all the answers

How can a compound be separated into its elements?

Through chemical means Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics defines a pure substance?

Has uniform properties and composition throughout Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a heterogeneous mixture?

Different components are visible Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is classified as a pure element?

Carbon Signup and view all the answers

What technique is most appropriate for separating different sized dry substances?

Sieving Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of sedimentation accomplish?

It separates insoluble impurities from a liquid. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic defines an intensive property?

It remains constant regardless of the amount of substance. Signup and view all the answers

Which separation technique utilizes a magnetic force?

Magnetic attraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

Melting ice into water. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the process of distillation?

Liquid mixture constituents are separated by vaporization and condensation. Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a substance is classified as a pure substance or a mixture?

The presence of varying chemical formulas. Signup and view all the answers

Which technique can separate mixtures based on different densities?

Centrifugation Signup and view all the answers

In chromatography, what is the stationary phase?

The medium that absorbs the components of the mixture. Signup and view all the answers

Which property is considered extensive?

Mass Signup and view all the answers

What is formed as a result of a chemical change?

New substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of filtration?

To separate solids from liquids using a porous barrier. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of heterogeneous mixtures?

They can be separated by physical means. Signup and view all the answers

What does the process of sublimation involve?

A solid turning directly into a gas. Signup and view all the answers

An example of a homogeneous mixture is:

Air. Signup and view all the answers

In decantation, what is the main action performed?

Pouring clear liquid off without disturbing sediments. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of a pure substance?

Variable composition. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Matter and Its Properties

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass, defined by volume and mass.
Chemistry is defined as the study of matter and its changes.

States of Matter

Matter exists in various states, including solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid water (ice) melts into liquid water when heated, demonstrating states of matter transformation.

Properties of Matter

Physical Properties: Can be observed without changing the substance's composition (e.g., shape, texture, mass, density).
Chemical Properties: Observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change (e.g., flammability, reactivity).
Extensive Properties: Depend on the amount of substance (e.g., mass, volume).
Intensive Properties: Independent of the substance amount (e.g., boiling point, density).

Physical and Chemical Change

Physical Change: Does not alter the chemical composition of a substance (e.g., phase changes).
Chemical Change: Involves a chemical reaction producing new substances (e.g., hydrogen burns to form water).

Classifications of Matter

Matter is classified into Pure Substances and Mixtures.
Pure Substances: Homogeneous material with consistent properties throughout.
- Elements: Simplest forms of matter that cannot be broken down (e.g., Na, Fe).
- Compounds: Substances made from different elements chemically bonded (e.g., H2O, NaCl).
Mixtures: Combinations of different substances in varying proportions, classified as:
- Homogeneous Mixtures: Uniform composition (e.g., air, seawater).
- Heterogeneous Mixtures: Distinct components visible (e.g., sand and water, oil and water).

Separation Techniques

Sieving: Separates mixtures based on particle size.
Magnetic Attraction: Uses magnetism to separate materials.
Evaporation: Converts liquid to gas, leaving solids behind.
Sublimation: Solid directly transforms into gas (e.g., dry ice).
Sedimentation and Decantation: Settling of insoluble impurities; decanting transfers clear liquid without disturbing sediment.
Filtration: Separates solids from liquids using a porous barrier.
Distillation: Separates liquid mixtures through vaporization and condensation.
Centrifugation: Uses density differences to separate components by spinning.
Chromatography: Separates components based on solubility in a mobile and stationary medium.

Summary of Practices

Classify properties as physical or chemical, and determine if they are intensive or extensive.
Example properties include mass (extensive), acidity (intensive), color (intensive), density (intensive), and energy (extensive).

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Description

This quiz covers the essential concepts related to matter and its properties, as detailed in Chapter 1. It is designed for students in the STEM strand at UST Senior High School. Test your understanding and application of these fundamental chemical principles.