29 Questions
What is the ratio of infected individuals to the rest of the exposed population known as?
Contagiosity
Which type of infection involves exposure to an agent that causes irreversible damage to a cell culture?
Cytopathic Dose
Which type of immunity is determined by a previous contact with a pathogenic agent?
Acquired immunity
What is the term for the minimum amount of agent needed to cause disease?
Pathogenic Dose
Which factor involves mechanical and chemical barriers as well as genetic and physiological determinants in resisting diseases?
Natural resistance
What type of infection involves a very sudden and severe course of illness?
Peracute infection
Which term describes an outbreak with an increased or mass occurrence of cases in a particular time and space?
Epidemic
How are infections typically spread from an infected vertebrate host?
Through excretion
What is the term for a mass occurrence of a disease in many countries or continents?
Pandemic
Which process in the epidemic dynamics involves the entry of the agent into a susceptible host?
Transmission of the agent
In what way can infectious material be spread if the host becomes a 'carrier'?
Through regurgitation
What does the term 'Zoonoses' mean in Greek?
Animals
What term refers to a long-term or permanent occurrence of a disease or its agent in a certain locality or area?
Endemic
Who first coined the term 'Zoonoses'?
Rudolf Virchow
What are 'Anthroponoses'?
Diseases transmitted man-to-man
In zoonoses and sapronoses, what is the role of humans most commonly?
Accidental or dead-end host of the parasite
How does WHO define zoonoses in terms of transmission?
Transmissible only from vertebrate animals to man
What is the distinction between 'Anthropo-zoonoses' and 'Zoo-anthroposes'?
'Anthropo-zoonoses' are more common and transmitted from animals to humans, while 'Zoo-anthroposes' are less common and transmitted from humans to animals
Which type of immunity is acquired naturally after infection?
Active immunity acquired naturally
What is a mechanism that helps bacteria evade the host's antibodies by changing surface antigens?
Antigenic variation
Which factor influences the entry of an infectious agent into the host?
Dose and virulence of the infectious agent
In which situation is passive immunity acquired naturally?
During embryonal development
Which action enables pathogens to survive inside host cells like macrophages?
Antigenic variation
What is an example of a genetic factor that impacts host immunity?
Sickle cell anemia in malaria patients
What is a common mode of transmission for diseases like rabies virus?
Salivation
Which mode of indirect transmission involves the spread of infections through the air?
Inhalation
Which type of transmission involves infections acquired during diverse medical procedures like injections or operations?
Iatrogenic transmission
Vertical transmission unique to mammals includes which method of passing agents from one host to another?
Transplacental transmission
Which mode of transmission involves the use of haematophagous arthropods?
Inoculation
Learn about zoonoses, diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. Explore the origins of the term 'Zoonoses' coined by Rudolf Virchow in 1855 and understand the differences between zoonoses, anthroponoses, and sapronoses.
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