48 Questions
Who is credited with the statement 'All living things are composed of cells and cell products'?
Theodor Schwann
What is the genetic information stored as in cells?
DNA
Who proposed the concept 'Omnis Cellula e Cellula' (All cells arise from pre-existing cells)?
Barthélémy du Mortier
What is the fundamental unit of all living things on earth?
Cells
What is the academic discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics?
Taxonomy
According to the text, what is the study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms?
Phylogenetics
What do all cells store their hereditary information as, based on the text?
DNA
What is the ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes called?
Homeostasis
What are the levels of homeostasis mentioned in the text?
Chemical, Cellular, Systemic, Populations, Biosphere
According to the text, what is considered as one interrelated system in the biosphere?
Global cycles between atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms
What did Rudolf Schoenheimer refer to when he mentioned 'steady state of rapid flux'?
All constituents of living matter
What does 98% of the human body undergo in one year based on data from Garlick et al.?
Replacement
What is the process by which cells divide and die called?
Cellular dynamics
What is the maintenance of subcellular structures and proper distribution of organelle-specific proteins called?
Cellular maintenance
What does life represent according to Rudolf Schoenheimer?
'Pattern in flux'
Where do global cycles between atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms take place according to the text?
'Gaia Theory'
What is the approximate size of a Mycoplasma genitalium cell?
0.3 µm
Who proposed the concept 'Omnis Cellula e Cellula' (All cells arise from pre-existing cells)?
Theodor Schwann
What is the main genetic information stored as in cells?
DNA
Who is credited with the statement 'All living things are composed of cells and cell products'?
Theodor Schwann
What is the term for the academic discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics?
Taxonomy
What is the study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms called?
Phylogenetics
What is the term for the ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes?
Homeostasis
According to the text, where do global cycles between atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms take place?
Biosphere
What did Rudolf Schoenheimer refer to when he mentioned 'steady state of rapid flux'?
$98% protein turnover in human tissues
What is the level of homeostasis related to maintenance of subcellular structures; proper distribution of organelle-specific proteins, lipids etc. called?
Maintenance of subcellular structures; proper distribution of organelle-specific proteins, lipids etc.
What do all cells store their hereditary information as, based on the text?
DNA
What is the process by which cells divide and die called?
Cell cycle
Who proposed the concept 'Omnis Cellula e Cellula' (All cells arise from pre-existing cells)?
Rudolf Virchow
What is considered as one interrelated system in the biosphere according to the text?
Global cycles between atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms
What are the levels of homeostasis mentioned in the text?
Chemical, cellular, systemic, populations, biosphere
What does life represent according to Rudolf Schoenheimer?
Equilibrium
What is the approximate size of an ostrich egg cell?
20 cm
Who is credited with the statement 'All living things are composed of cells and cell products'?
Barthélémy du Mortier
What is the size of a small cell like Mycoplasma genitalium?
0.3 µm
Who first observed cells under a microscope in 1665?
Robert Hooke
What is the term for the process by which cells translate RNA into protein?
Translation
Which academic discipline defines groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics?
Taxonomy
What is the approximate size of a Mycoplasma genitalium cell?
$0.1 \times 10^{-6}$ meters
What is the study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms called?
Phylogenetics
Who proposed the concept 'Omnis Cellula e Cellula' (All cells arise from pre-existing cells)?
Theodor Schwann
What did Rudolf Schoenheimer refer to when he mentioned 'steady state of rapid flux'?
Protein turnover in human tissues
Where do global cycles between atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms take place according to the text?
Biosphere
What does life represent according to Rudolf Schoenheimer?
A pattern in flux
What is considered as one interrelated system in the biosphere according to the text?
Atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms
What does 98% of the human body undergo in one year based on data from Garlick et al.?
Protein turnover in tissues
What is the fundamental unit of all living things on earth?
Cell
What is the process by which cells divide and die called?
Cellular turnover
Study Notes
Cell Biology
- All living things are composed of cells and cell products, credited to Rudolf Virchow.
- The genetic information is stored as DNA in cells.
- Rudolf Virchow proposed the concept 'Omnis Cellula e Cellula' (All cells arise from pre-existing cells).
- Cells are the fundamental unit of all living things on earth.
Taxonomy
- Taxonomy is the academic discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
Evolutionary Relationships
- Phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes.
- The levels of homeostasis mentioned are: organismal, cellular, and subcellular.
Cellular Processes
- Apoptosis is the process by which cells divide and die.
- Maintenance of subcellular structures and proper distribution of organelle-specific proteins, lipids, etc. is called organelle homeostasis.
Cellular Structure
- A Mycoplasma genitalium cell is approximately 200-300 nm in size.
Rudolf Schoenheimer
- Rudolf Schoenheimer referred to the 'steady state of rapid flux', which represents life as a dynamic equilibrium.
- According to Schoenheimer, life represents a dynamic equilibrium where components are constantly being replaced.
Global Cycles
- Global cycles between atmosphere, oceans, rocks, and living organisms take place in the biosphere.
Historical Context
- Robert Hooke first observed cells under a microscope in 1665.
- The process by which cells translate RNA into protein is called translation.
- 98% of the human body undergoes replacement in one year based on data from Garlick et al.
Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts related to the living cell, including its definition, history, universal features, evolution, organelles, metabolism, and more.
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