Introduction to Teaching English Methods
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Questions and Answers

The ______ Method focuses on the use of verbal communication to develop language skills.

Communicative Language Teaching

The ______ Method emphasizes grammar rules and translation of texts.

Grammar-Translation

In language teaching, ______ refers to the theories that inform teaching practices.

Approach

The ______ Method involves using technology, like AI, to enhance language learning.

<p>Computer-assisted language learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Richards and Rodgers, ______ includes specific classroom practices and activities.

<p>Procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

The aim of the activities is to develop communicative __________.

<p>competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

Interactive activities require teachers and learners to function as __________ in communication.

<p>partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

The main function of materials and media is to fuel and support __________ communicative exchange.

<p>real</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assessment focuses on all communicative __________, with an emphasis on fluency and/or accuracy.

<p>competencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

In information gap activities, learners often engage in __________, interviewing, and asking questions.

<p>guessing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ranking activities involve comparing and giving __________ for chosen items.

<p>reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

The opinion gap task type includes arguing, discussing, and stating one’s point of __________.

<p>view</p> Signup and view all the answers

Creative writing activities can include poems, stories, and __________.

<p>dialogues</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Method is characterized by grammar teaching and translation.

<p>Grammar-Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Method focuses on tasks with a perceived purpose.

<p>Task-based</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ Response method emphasizes kinesthetic learning and receptive skills.

<p>Total Physical</p> Signup and view all the answers

Communicative Language Teaching is often abbreviated as ______.

<p>CLT</p> Signup and view all the answers

The approach that integrates learning a language with other content is called ______.

<p>Content-based</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the relativism perspective, methods cannot be ______ from one situation to the next.

<p>exported</p> Signup and view all the answers

The belief that one method is superior is known as ______.

<p>Absolutism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Post-method teaching philosophy suggests that methods are a product of ______ knowledge.

<p>interested</p> Signup and view all the answers

Theories about language learning focus on the psycholinguistic and cognitive processes involved in the ______ and structure of curricular models.

<p>nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Audiolingual Method, language learning emphasizes habit formation through imitation and ______.

<p>reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Communicative Language Teaching, language competence is developed through ______ in which speakers negotiate meaning.

<p>interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Teaching and learning activities in the Audiolingual Method include stimulus-response activities and the ______ of errors.

<p>avoidance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assessment in the Audiolingual Method is focused on the ______ of language skills.

<p>product</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the Audiolingual Method, the role of teachers is to provide input while students ______ and respond.

<p>imitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Materials in the Audiolingual Method typically consist of dialogues and key sentences used for ______ and repetition.

<p>drilling</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sequencing of ______ is important in effectively structuring educational activities.

<p>activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

A teaching approach that emphasizes the importance of real-world communication and focuses on developing learners' ability to use language naturally in authentic contexts.

Audiolingual Method

A method that emphasizes the use of audio and spoken language drills and exercises. Learners are expected to memorize grammatical patterns and pronunciation.

Grammar-Translation Method

A method that focuses on translating between languages and using grammatical rules to understand and produce language.

Richards and Rodgers Model

A framework for describing and comparing language teaching methods, focusing on the theory, design, and practical implementation of each method.

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Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL)

Teaching methods that use technology to enhance the learning process. Examples include computer-assisted language learning and artificial intelligence.

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What is the focus of the Audiolingual Method?

The Audiolingual Method focuses on teaching the patterns and structures of a language, emphasizing correct pronunciation and grammar.

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How does the Audiolingual Method view language learning?

The Audiolingual Method believes that language learning is a process of forming habits, achieved through imitation and reinforcement.

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What are the teaching and learning activities in the Audiolingual Method?

The Audiolingual Method uses stimulus-response activities, avoiding errors, with teachers providing input and students imitating and practicing.

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What materials are used in the Audiolingual Method?

The Audiolingual Method emphasizes the importance of repetition and memorization, using materials like dialogues and key sentences for practice.

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How is assessment performed in the Audiolingual Method?

In the Audiolingual Method, assessment focuses on the product, evaluating the student's accuracy and fluency in reproducing language patterns.

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What is the focus of CLT?

CLT views language competence as a result of successful communication, where learners negotiate meaning through interaction, emphasizing communicative skills.

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Information Gap Activity

A type of communicative activity where learners work in pairs or groups, each with incomplete information, to complete a task by sharing and exchanging information.

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Opinion Gap Activity

A type of communicative activity where learners express their opinions and reasons on a topic, engaging in discussion and debate.

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Imagination Gap Activity

A type of communicative activity where learners create something new, using their imagination and language skills, often through role-play, mime, or writing.

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Problem Solving Activity

A type of communicative activity where learners analyze, evaluate, and suggest solutions to a problem.

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Creative Writing Activity

A type of communicative activity where learners use their language skills to create written or spoken pieces in various formats, such as poems, stories, dialogues.

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Ranking Activity

A communicative activity where learners are presented with a set of items and asked to arrange them in order based on specific criteria.

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Jigsaw Activity

A type of communicative activity where learners work in small groups, each assigned a specific part of the task, then combine their knowledge to form a complete picture.

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Communicative Competence

A set of skills and abilities that enable learners to communicate effectively in real-world situations.

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Total Physical Response

A language teaching approach where students primarily learn through listening and responding physically to commands, without relying on translation or grammar explanation. No L1 used, the teacher leads the class.

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Content-based Approaches

Integrating language learning with content subjects like science, history or math. Offers a practical use for language acquisition in real-world scenarios.

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Task-based Approaches

A language teaching approach that focuses on completing meaningful tasks that have clear goals, rather than focusing on grammatical accuracy. The language is practiced naturally within the context of the task.

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Absolutism in Language Teaching

The belief that there is a single best method for teaching a language. This approach suggests that one method is superior to others and should be used universally.

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Relativism in Language Teaching

The belief that language teaching methods should be flexible and adapted based on the context, learners' needs, and the specific situation. The idea is that there is no one-size-fits-all approach that works for everyone.

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Pluralism in Language Teaching

The belief that there is value in various teaching methods and that incorporating elements from different approaches can benefit students.

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Post-method Teaching

An approach to teaching language that emphasizes the importance of incorporating research findings and theoretical frameworks into teaching practices. It challenges the idea of simply following prescribed methods dogmatically.

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Text-book Based Teaching

A common practice in language instruction where teachers rely heavily on textbooks, often adhering strictly to their content and structure. This may limit flexibility and creativity in teaching.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Teaching English

  • Approaches and methods in Language Teaching and Learning are discussed.
  • Professor Dr. Petra Kirchhoff leads the seminar on English Didactics.

Methods and Approaches

  • The presentation outlines 20th-century mainstream methods, current methods (Communicative Language Teaching, or CLT), and future methods (computer-assisted language learning with AI).
  • Methods are about how English is taught and learned.

Practice: An Adult English Class in Canada

  • A classroom video of a non-native English teacher is presented in an adult English class in Canada.
  • The presentation prompts questions for the students: How are students supposed to learn phrases, and what causes problems?

Framework for Describing Methods

  • This model (Richards and Rodgers 1986, 2002, 2014) distinguishes between theory, approach, design, and procedure.
  • Approach: Theories about language (e.g., its nature and structure) and language learning (including psycholinguistic and cognitive processes).
  • Design: General teaching and learning aims, competence models, curriculum, and syllabus, and instructional concepts drawing on activities, teacher roles, materials, and assessment.
  • Procedure: Classroom practices, like leading group discussions, explaining content, sequencing activities, handling errors.

The Audiolingual Method

  • Approach: Language patterns, structures, sounds; language learning through imitation and reinforcement.
  • Design: Stimulus-response activities, error avoidance, the teacher dictates input, and learners imitate/respond.
  • Procedure: Listening activities (tape, teacher), mimicking, immediate feedback, memorization, pattern drills, and writing are included.

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT)

  • Approach: Successful communication where speakers negotiate meaning. Language competence develops through interaction and conversation.
  • Design: Interactive activities, equal teacher-learner roles (teachers facilitate, provide feedback, and are partners). Teachers are resources, providing corrective feedback.
  • Procedure: Focus on fluency, accuracy, and all forms of communicative exchange. Activities incorporate a wide range of materials and media. Assessment is on communicative competencies.

Interactive Communicative Activities

  • A table details principle, task type, and learner activity examples.
    • Examples include jigsaw, finding out, ranking, discussing, problem-solving, acting, speculating, and creative writing tasks.
      • Activities are used to foster communicative skills of information gap, opinion gap, and imagination gap.

Practice: Jigsaw Activity

  • Provides practice with an English class exercise: students are shop assistants and customers, describe objects, and locate them.
  • The exercise aims to develop communication skills in dialogues.

Practice: Information Gap Activity

  • A video describing a fact file exercise is available.
  • Students use prompts to ask questions and collect information, demonstrating dialogue skills.

Practice: Ranking Activity

  • Students rank famous figures of the 20th and 21st centuries (based on provided images), justify their decisions, and analyze shared and individual opinions.

Alternative Approaches

  • The presentation reviews various methods, like Total Physical Response (receptive, kinesthetic), content-based (CLIL, bilingual language learning), and task-based approaches (clear goals and outcome).

Practice: "Alternative" teaching in primary school

  • A video clip demonstrates "alternative" teaching methods in a primary school classroom.

Teacher's Positions on Methods

  • #1 Absolutism: One method is best.
  • #2 Relativism: Methods can't be exported from one context to another.
  • #3 Pluralism: Each method has value.
  • #4 Post-method teaching philosophy: Methods are a product of interested knowledge.

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Introduction to Teaching English PDF

Description

Explore the diverse approaches and methods in teaching English, led by Professor Dr. Petra Kirchhoff. This quiz covers 20th-century methods, current practices like Communicative Language Teaching, and the influence of AI in language learning. Analyze a classroom video from Canada and discuss the implications of different teaching strategies.

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