Introduction to Syntax Lecture 9

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Match the following Japanese words with their English meanings:

gakusei = student senseiga = teacher tegamio = letter ni = to

Match the following Japanese word order with its description:

SOV = Subject-Object-Verb SVO = Subject-Verb-Object OSV = Object-Subject-Verb VSO = Verb-Subject-Object

Match the types of nouns with their definitions:

Common noun = Something you can see or touch Proper noun = The name of a specific person or place Mass noun = Cannot be counted individually Collective noun = Names a group of individuals

Match the following content word classes with examples:

Nouns = Tree, cat, star Verbs = Run, swim, write Adjectives = Beautiful, tall, strong Adverbs = Quickly, silently, well Signup and view all the answers

Match the following word classes to their characteristics:

Content words = Carry descriptive content Function words = Provide grammatical structure Adjectives = Describe properties or qualities Prepositions = Indicate relationships between nouns Signup and view all the answers

Match the following examples with their noun types:

Tree = Common noun James = Proper noun Water = Mass noun Team = Collective noun Signup and view all the answers

Match the following English terms with their Japanese equivalents:

Teacher = Senseiga Student = Gakusei Letter = Tegamio To = Ni Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements of sentence structure:

Subject = The doer of the action Object = The receiver of the action Verb = The action being performed Adverbial = Modifies the verb Signup and view all the answers

Match the Japanese sentence parts with their English roles:

Senseiga = Teacher Gakusei = Student Tegamio = Letter Ni = To Signup and view all the answers

Match the examples with their corresponding grammatical terms:

That book is interesting. = Adjective usage I sent her the letter. = Ditransitive verb I give the ball to the girl. = Sentence structure That food is spicy. = Adjective usage Signup and view all the answers

Match the language with its corresponding prepositional phrase:

Polish = bez niego Greek = en tei polei Turkish = benim ile Chinese = zhuōzi shàng Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of adverb with its function:

Time = Yesterday we took a nap Place = He is walking downstairs Manner = She plays the piano well Degree/intensity = He’s very skilled Signup and view all the answers

Match the verbs to their appropriate usage type:

Quickly = Manner Yesterday = Time Very = Degree/intensity Inside = Place Signup and view all the answers

Match the conjunction with the provided example:

Ditransitive verb = I sent her the letter Adjective = That food is spicy Direct object = the ball Indirect object = the girl Signup and view all the answers

Match the adverbial phrase with its language:

ghar men = Hindi huis toe = Afrikaans de bank op = Dutch smed tæppet ud = Danish Signup and view all the answers

Match the structure to its description:

Direct object: 'the letter' = Used in Ditransitive verbs Indirect object: 'her' = Recipient of the action Adverb: 'sadly' = Describes the verb Adverbs: 'quickly' = Describes manner Signup and view all the answers

Match the languages with their examples of indirect objects:

Afrikaans = Ek gee die meisie die dal Korean = Ku pap-i maypta Japanese = ie kara French = Je donne le livre à Marie Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of adpositions to their definitions:

Prepositions = Words that link nouns, pronouns, or phrases Postpositions = Follow their complement Adverbs = Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs Conjunctions = Connect clauses or sentences Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Descriptive adequacy = A theory that accurately describes the grammatical structures of a language Explanatory adequacy = A theory that explains why a language is structured the way it is Learnability = The ease with which a child can acquire language Universal Grammar (UG) = A set of principles shared by all human languages Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the Innateness Hypothesis:

Biologically available = Aspects of language competence present at birth Not acquired = Competence that is innate and not learned through experience Genetic inheritance = Language principles passed down through genetics Universal = Same principles found in all languages around the world Signup and view all the answers

Match the following theories with their descriptions:

Minimalist Syntax = The most recent model within the Generative approach Innateness Hypothesis = The idea that children are born with language principles Adequately constrained theory = A theory limited in its descriptive capabilities Linguistic competence = The innate knowledge of language rules and structures Signup and view all the answers

Match the following principles of UG with their meanings:

Descriptively adequate theory = A framework that describes how languages function Explanatory adequate theory = A framework that provides reasons for language structures Condition of learnability = Requirements that make language acquisition possible Economical theory = A theory that uses the least complexity to explain language Signup and view all the answers

Match the following aspects of UG with their characteristics:

Set of principles = Guides language acquisition Genetically-determined = Principles are inherited rather than learned Universal application = Principles apply to all human languages Competence = Knowledge of language rules innate to humans Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of language theories with their characteristics:

Descriptive theory = Focuses on how languages are actually used Explanatory theory = Focuses on the reasons behind language structures Prescriptive theory = Focuses on how languages should be used Comparative theory = Analyzes differences and similarities between languages Signup and view all the answers

Match the following hypotheses with their implications:

Innateness Hypothesis = Children have language capabilities from birth Poverty of the stimulus = Children can learn languages despite limited exposure Critical period hypothesis = There is a time frame for optimal language learning Social interaction hypothesis = Language develops through social interaction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following elements of language with their functions:

Pragmatics = Study of language usage in context Syntax = Study of sentence structure Phonetics = Study of sound in language Semantics = Study of meaning in language Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements regarding language acquisition with their traits:

Fast mapping = Quickly learning meanings of new words Overgeneralization = Applying language rules too broadly Corrective feedback = Responses given to children to correct language use Bilingual advantage = Benefits of knowing multiple languages during acquisition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of articles with their descriptions:

Indefinite article = a/an Definite article = the Interrogative article = What? Demonstrative article = This/That Signup and view all the answers

Match the following demonstrative pronouns with their examples:

This = Close singular reference These = Close plural reference That = Far singular reference Those = Far plural reference Signup and view all the answers

Match the following quantifiers with their definitions:

All = Entire quantity Some = An unspecified quantity No = Zero quantity Both = Two items Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of pronouns with their descriptions:

Personal pronouns = Replace a noun Possessive pronouns = Indicate ownership Relative pronouns = Introduce relative clauses Demonstrative pronouns = Point to specific things Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conjunctions with their types:

And = Coordinating conjunction But = Coordinating conjunction Although = Subordinating conjunction Because = Subordinating conjunction Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sentences with the correct pronoun type:

I like you = Personal pronoun This is my book = Possessive pronoun The book which I’m reading is interesting = Relative pronoun Which dog did you see? = Interrogative pronoun Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pronoun examples with their functions:

He = Personal pronoun Your = Possessive pronoun Whose = Interrogative pronoun That = Demonstrative pronoun Signup and view all the answers

Match the following sentences with their correct interrogative forms:

Did she eat the chocolates? = Declarative turned interrogative What fruit do you like? = Interrogative form He heard that. = Declarative Did they promise to come? = Interrogative form Signup and view all the answers

Match the following quantifiers with their uses:

All = Used for entire groups Some = Used for indefinite amounts Five = Specific number No = Negation of quantity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phrases with their descriptions:

Driving to the office = Present continuous action Understand the work = Verb phrase The cat = Noun phrase Styling web pages = Client-side scripting Signup and view all the answers

Match the following word classes with their examples:

Verb = Understand Determiner = The Noun = Work Adjective = Styling Signup and view all the answers

Match the following constituency tests with their descriptions:

Substitution test = Replacing constituents with other elements Coordination test = Combining similar constituents Sentence fragment test = Using incomplete sentences as tests Dependency test = Assessing relationships between words Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phrase structure rules with their corresponding phrases:

VP = V NP NP = Det N PP = NP P AdjP = Adj Signup and view all the answers

Match the following syntactic units with their examples:

Constituent = The plants Phrasal complement = The work Head of phrase = Understand Modifier = Styling Signup and view all the answers

Match the following phrases with their types:

I drive now = Simple sentence The cats played = Noun phrase They will do so = Substitution phrase Understand the work = Verb phrase Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes