Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term for the information about complement types selected by particular verbs?
What is the term for the information about complement types selected by particular verbs?
- Subcategorization
- C-selection (correct)
- Constituent Analysis
- Phrase Structure
Which of the following is NOT a test of constituency?
Which of the following is NOT a test of constituency?
- Movement
- Clefting
- Segmentation (correct)
- Coordination
Which phrase structure rule correctly represents a noun phrase (NP)?
Which phrase structure rule correctly represents a noun phrase (NP)?
- NP → NP(AdjP)N(PP)
- NP → N(Det)(AdjP)(PP)
- NP → (AdjP)(Det)N(PP)(S) (correct)
- NP → (Det)(S)(AdjP)(N)
What is the process of including one sentence within another called?
What is the process of including one sentence within another called?
What do transformational grammar rules accomplish?
What do transformational grammar rules accomplish?
What allows sentences to be theoretically of unlimited length?
What allows sentences to be theoretically of unlimited length?
Which of the following is an example of a tag question?
Which of the following is an example of a tag question?
Which type of phrase structure rule includes a verb phrase (VP) expanding to include complements?
Which type of phrase structure rule includes a verb phrase (VP) expanding to include complements?
Which part of the sentence 'The doctor prescribed some aspirins for the patient' serves as the direct object?
Which part of the sentence 'The doctor prescribed some aspirins for the patient' serves as the direct object?
What is indicated by the term 'function' in syntax?
What is indicated by the term 'function' in syntax?
In the context of syntax, what is a head of a phrase?
In the context of syntax, what is a head of a phrase?
Which of the following correctly represents the word order in English?
Which of the following correctly represents the word order in English?
What does the term 'complement' refer to in the framework of sentence structure?
What does the term 'complement' refer to in the framework of sentence structure?
Which of these is an example of a functional category in syntax?
Which of these is an example of a functional category in syntax?
Which statement about verb complements is true?
Which statement about verb complements is true?
Which of the following constituents makes up the phrase 'for him'?
Which of the following constituents makes up the phrase 'for him'?
Flashcards
Syntax
Syntax
The way words are arranged in a sentence to create meaning. Refers to the rules that govern how words and phrases combine to form grammatically correct sentences.
Constituents
Constituents
Smaller units within a sentence that function as a single unit. For example, "the doctor" is a constituent in the sentence "The doctor prescribed some aspirins for the patient."
Syntactic Function
Syntactic Function
The grammatical function of a noun phrase in relation to the verb and other elements in the sentence. Examples include subject, predicate, direct object, object of preposition.
Lexical Categories
Lexical Categories
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Functional Categories
Functional Categories
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Word Order
Word Order
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Head
Head
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Complement
Complement
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C-selection
C-selection
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Sentence Head (Aux)
Sentence Head (Aux)
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Constituency Tests
Constituency Tests
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Phrase Structure Rules (PSR)
Phrase Structure Rules (PSR)
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Recursion
Recursion
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Expansion of Phrases
Expansion of Phrases
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Coordination/Conjoining
Coordination/Conjoining
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Embedding
Embedding
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Study Notes
Syntax
- Syntax is the part of grammar that shows how speakers know about sentences and their structures.
- Three aspects of syntax are:
- Grouping/Constituency
- Function
- Word order
Grouping/Constituency
- Sentences are made of smaller units called constituents.
- Constituents are phrases, not just single words.
- Examples:
- "Animals breathe" is made of "animals" and "breathe" as constituents
- Sentences can be broken down into smaller parts.
- Example:
"The doctor prescribed some aspirin for him"can be broken into constituents (the doctor)(prescribed some aspirin)(for him)
Function
- Function shows relationships between noun phrases, verbs, and other words.
- Syntactic functions/grammatical relations include:
- Subject
- Predicate
- Direct object
- Object of preposition
- Syntactic categories, like noun phrase (NP) and verb phrase (VP), are identified by their heads (the key word).
Word Order
- Word order is the correct order of words in a language.
- English word order is usually SVO (Subject-Verb-Object).
Category Selection
- Verbs take complements (parts) to complete their meaning.
- Some verbs require a noun phrase (e.g., "eat").
- Some verbs need an adjective.
- Other parts of speech also select the parts of speech that come after them.
- This information is called c-selection or subcategorization.
Tests of Constituency
- Constituents can stand alone in sentences or be replaced.
- Constituents can be combined with conjunctions (and, or, but).
- Constituents can be replaced with pronouns.
Recursion
- Sentences can grow in length because of recursion (the ability to add parts to phrases or clauses).
- This adds to the flexibility of a language.
Phrase Structure Rules (PSR)
- Rules define the structure and components of phrases.
- Example:
"Noun Phrase" → (Article) (Adjective Phrase) Noun (Prepositional Phrase). - These rules are used to create sentence structures.
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Description
Explore the essential components of syntax including grouping, function, and word order. This quiz will help you understand how sentences are structured and the relationships between different parts of speech. Test your knowledge of syntactic functions and constituents in English grammar.
