Introduction to Statistics

True (A)

Descriptive statistics summarizes data from a sample, while inferential statistics uses sample data to draw conclusions about a larger population.

<p>statistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parameter = A numerical value that summarizes a population. Statistic = A numerical value that summarizes a sample. Descriptive Statistics = Organizing, summarizing, and displaying data. Inferential Statistics = Using sample data to draw conclusions about a population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Predicting the outcome of a national election based on a poll. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To make inferences about a population based on data collected from a sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal interpretations of facts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To collect, organize, analyze, and interpret data to make decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sample (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The responses of the 1708 adults in the U.S. regarding global warming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ordinal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Categorization using names, labels, or qualities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The call letters of each network affiliate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nominal = Categories without order or numerical value Ordinal = Ordered data with non-meaningful differences Interval = Ordered data with meaningful differences, but zero is a reference point Ratio = Ordered data with meaningful differences, and zero represents an absolute absence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>call letters, ranks</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes a meaningful zero point. (A), It allows for the calculation of ratios. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Data can be categorized. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nominal = Data can be categorized. Ordinal = Data can be ordered. Interval = Differences between data values can be calculated. Ratio = Ratios between data values can be calculated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observational studies observe existing data without manipulation, while experimental studies manipulate variables to see their effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Confounding variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>placebo</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experiment = A study of the effect of eating oatmeal on lowering blood pressure Observational study = A study of how fourth grade students solve a puzzle Simulation = A survey conducted on a sample of female physicians to determine their primary reason for their career choice Survey = A study of U.S. residents' approval rating of the U.S. president</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Replication allows researchers to repeat the experiment multiple times to confirm the results and assess the reliability of the findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They must be randomly assigned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>731</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>731</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple Random Sample = A method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Block Randomization = Dividing subjects into blocks and then randomly assigning them to treatment groups. Systematic Sampling = Selecting members of the population at regular intervals. Stratified Sampling = Dividing the population into subgroups and sampling from each subgroup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A subset of responses from a population, like adults in the U.S.

A numerical value that describes a characteristic of a population.

A numerical value that describes a characteristic of a sample.

Reported average salary of MBAs based on a sample is over $82,000.

Involves organizing and summarizing data to present it clearly.

Uses sample data to make conclusions about a larger population.

Population is everyone; sample is a selected group from it.

Statistic describing the average age of individuals either in a population or sample.

Information from observations, counts, measurements, or responses.

The collection of all outcomes or responses of interest.

A collection of related data points gathered from observations.

A method for collecting data by asking questions to a sample.

An answer or reaction to a survey question.

A study where adults were asked if they consider global warming a problem.

A study that manipulates one variable to observe its effect on another variable.

A study that observes participants without manipulation or intervention.

The method of accounting for other variables that could affect outcomes.

The process of randomly assigning participants to groups in an experiment.

Repeating an experiment to confirm findings and ensure reliability.

A phenomenon where participants feel better after receiving a placebo treatment.

External factors that may affect the results of an experiment, leading to incorrect conclusions.

Unique identifiers for radio or television stations.

Classification of data types: nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio.

Data categorized without a specific order or ranking.

Data categorized with a defined order but no specific differences.

Data with meaningful differences, but no true zero point.

Data with meaningful differences and a true zero point.

The process of gathering and measuring information.

Data that consists of names or labels, not numbers.

Data that consists of numerical values, allowing for computations.

The process of classifying data based on their measurement level.

In interval level, zero represents a point, not 'none'.

The process of randomly placing subjects into treatment or control groups to ensure impartiality.

A sampling method where each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected.

Creating numbers without a specific pattern, often used in sampling methods.