Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the scientific and systematic study of groups and group interactions, societies, and social interactions, from small and personal groups to very large groups?
What is the scientific and systematic study of groups and group interactions, societies, and social interactions, from small and personal groups to very large groups?
Sociology
What are laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life?
What are laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals, and all of the cultural rules that govern social life?
Social facts
What is a group of people who live in a defined geographic area, who interact with one another, and who share a common culture?
What is a group of people who live in a defined geographic area, who interact with one another, and who share a common culture?
Society
What is the scientific study of social patterns?
What is the scientific study of social patterns?
What is the ability to understand the relationship between one's personal experiences and the larger social forces that shape them?
What is the ability to understand the relationship between one's personal experiences and the larger social forces that shape them?
What did Auguste Comte believe that sociologists could address?
What did Auguste Comte believe that sociologists could address?
What work did Harriet Martineau translate from French to English?
What work did Harriet Martineau translate from French to English?
Karl Marx believed that societies grow as a result of struggles of different social and political classes.
Karl Marx believed that societies grow as a result of struggles of different social and political classes.
What book did Herbert Spencer publish in 1873?
What book did Herbert Spencer publish in 1873?
Emile Durkheim focused on sociological study of objective social facts.
Emile Durkheim focused on sociological study of objective social facts.
What did George Herbert Mead focus on?
What did George Herbert Mead focus on?
In what work did Max Weber use the term verstehen?
In what work did Max Weber use the term verstehen?
What kind of sociology uses statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants?
What kind of sociology uses statistical methods such as surveys with large numbers of participants?
What kind of sociology seeks to understand human behavior by learning about it through in-depth interviews, focus groups, and analysis of content sources, like books, magazines, journals, and popular media?
What kind of sociology seeks to understand human behavior by learning about it through in-depth interviews, focus groups, and analysis of content sources, like books, magazines, journals, and popular media?
W.E.B. Dubois's 1896-1897 study of the African American community in Philadelphia incorporated hundreds of interviews.
W.E.B. Dubois's 1896-1897 study of the African American community in Philadelphia incorporated hundreds of interviews.
Du Bois played a prominent role in the effort to increase rights for Black people.
Du Bois played a prominent role in the effort to increase rights for Black people.
Du Bois believed that Black leaders should be more accommodating of racism.
Du Bois believed that Black leaders should be more accommodating of racism.
What movement did Du Bois become a leader of?
What movement did Du Bois become a leader of?
What organization did Du Bois help to found?
What organization did Du Bois help to found?
What theory explains how each part of society functions together to contribute to the functioning of the whole?
What theory explains how each part of society functions together to contribute to the functioning of the whole?
What theory analyzes how inequalities and inequalities contribute to social, political, and power differences, and how they perpetuate power?
What theory analyzes how inequalities and inequalities contribute to social, political, and power differences, and how they perpetuate power?
What theory focuses on the way one-to-one interactions and communications behave?
What theory focuses on the way one-to-one interactions and communications behave?
What refers to shared beliefs, values, and practices?
What refers to shared beliefs, values, and practices?
What refers to the objects or belongings of a group of people?
What refers to the objects or belongings of a group of people?
What refers to the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society?
What refers to the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a society?
What refers to the patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies?
What refers to the patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies?
What is the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one's own culture?
What is the practice of evaluating another culture according to the standards of one's own culture?
What is an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life?
What is an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life?
What is the deliberate imposition of one's own cultural values on another culture?
What is the deliberate imposition of one's own cultural values on another culture?
What is the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards?
What is the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards?
What is a belief that another culture is superior to one's own?
What is a belief that another culture is superior to one's own?
What are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society?
What are a culture's standard for discerning what is good and just in society?
What is a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors?
What is a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors?
What is a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms?
What is a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms?
What are visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured?
What are visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured?
What are casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to?
What are casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to?
What are established written rules?
What are established written rules?
What provide communication methods to understanding experiences by conveying recognizable meanings that are shared by societies?
What provide communication methods to understanding experiences by conveying recognizable meanings that are shared by societies?
What is a system that uses symbols with which people communicate and though which culture is transmitted?
What is a system that uses symbols with which people communicate and though which culture is transmitted?
What is the idea that people experience their world through their language, and understand their world through the cultural meanings embedded in their language?
What is the idea that people experience their world through their language, and understand their world through the cultural meanings embedded in their language?
What are people that are apart of the larger culture but also shares a specific identity within a smaller group?
What are people that are apart of the larger culture but also shares a specific identity within a smaller group?
What rejects some of the larger culture's norms and values and can actively defy larger society by developing their own set of rules and norms to live by?
What rejects some of the larger culture's norms and values and can actively defy larger society by developing their own set of rules and norms to live by?
What refers to the process through which people are taught to be proficient members of a society?
What refers to the process through which people are taught to be proficient members of a society?
What refers to a person's distinct identity that is developed through social action?
What refers to a person's distinct identity that is developed through social action?
What are the common behavioral expectations of general society?
What are the common behavioral expectations of general society?
What is the way people learn what society considers to be good and bad?
What is the way people learn what society considers to be good and bad?
Some experts believe that who we are is a result of nurture, the relationships and caring that surround us.
Some experts believe that who we are is a result of nurture, the relationships and caring that surround us.
Some experts believe that who we are is based entirely on genetics.
Some experts believe that who we are is based entirely on genetics.
What are the major social group agents/agents of socialization?
What are the major social group agents/agents of socialization?
What is a collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity?
What is a collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share some sense of aligned identity?
What are small, informal groups of people who are closest to us, typically longer term relationships?
What are small, informal groups of people who are closest to us, typically longer term relationships?
What are larger groups, less personal, maybe temporary?
What are larger groups, less personal, maybe temporary?
What is a group function that serves an emotional need?
What is a group function that serves an emotional need?
What is a group function that is oriented towards a task or goal?
What is a group function that is oriented towards a task or goal?
What is a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of their identity?
What is a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of their identity?
What is a group of which an individual is not a member?
What is a group of which an individual is not a member?
What are groups to which individuals compare themselves?
What are groups to which individuals compare themselves?
What is the extent to which individuals comply with group or societal norms?
What is the extent to which individuals comply with group or societal norms?
What is the application of the fast-food, mass production, or big-box store model to other aspects of society?
What is the application of the fast-food, mass production, or big-box store model to other aspects of society?
What is a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law?
What is a violation of established contextual, cultural, or social norms, whether folkways, mores, or codified law?
What is the regulation and enforcement of norms?
What is the regulation and enforcement of norms?
What is an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives?
What is an arrangement of practices and behaviors on which society's members base their daily lives?
What are the means of enforcing rules?
What are the means of enforcing rules?
What are rewards given for conforming to norms?
What are rewards given for conforming to norms?
What are punishments for violating norms?
What are punishments for violating norms?
What emerge in face-to-face social interactions?
What emerge in face-to-face social interactions?
What are ways to officially recognize and enforce norm violations?
What are ways to officially recognize and enforce norm violations?
What is the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society?
What is the ascribing of a deviant behavior to another person by members of society?
What is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others?
What is a violation of norms that does not result in any long-term effects on the individual's self-image or interactions with others?
What occurs when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society?
What occurs when a person's self-concept and behavior begin to change after his or her actions are labeled as deviant by members of society?
What is a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual?
What is a label that describes the chief characteristic of an individual?
What is a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions?
What is a behavior that violates official law and is punishable through formal sanctions?
What are based on the use of force or the threat of force?
What are based on the use of force or the threat of force?
What involve the destruction or theft of property but do not use force or the threat of force?
What involve the destruction or theft of property but do not use force or the threat of force?
What is a system that has the authority to make decisions based on the law?
What is a system that has the authority to make decisions based on the law?
What is charged with supervising individuals who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for a criminal offense, plus people detained while awaiting hearings, trials, or other procedures?
What is charged with supervising individuals who have been arrested, convicted, and sentenced for a criminal offense, plus people detained while awaiting hearings, trials, or other procedures?
Crime is a social construction.
Crime is a social construction.
What theory suggests that individuals can respond to societal pressure to achieve culturally valued goals through five modes of adaptation?
What theory suggests that individuals can respond to societal pressure to achieve culturally valued goals through five modes of adaptation?
What theory asserts that crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control?
What theory asserts that crime is most likely to occur in communities with weak social ties and the absence of social control?
What looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance?
What looks to social and economic factors as the causes of crime and deviance?
What refers to how likely research results are to be replicated if the study is reproduced?
What refers to how likely research results are to be replicated if the study is reproduced?
What refers to how well the study measures what it was designed to measure?
What refers to how well the study measures what it was designed to measure?
What refers to the systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and healthy?
What refers to the systematic study of how humans manage issues of health and illness, disease and disorders, and healthcare for both the sick and healthy?
What are illnesses that are discriminated against and whose sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned upon society?
What are illnesses that are discriminated against and whose sufferers are looked down upon or even shunned upon society?
What is the study of the causes and distribution of diseases?
What is the study of the causes and distribution of diseases?
What are feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time?
What are feelings of worry and fearfulness that last for months at a time?
What are long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder?
What are long-term, debilitating illnesses like depression and bipolar disorder?
What is a reduction in one's ability to perform everyday tasks?
What is a reduction in one's ability to perform everyday tasks?
What describes the physical limitations, while reserving the term disability to refer to the social limitation?
What describes the physical limitations, while reserving the term disability to refer to the social limitation?
What means that their identity is spoiled; they are labeled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned?
What means that their identity is spoiled; they are labeled as different, discriminated against, and sometimes even shunned?
What are adjustments or modifications made to allow individuals with disabilities fully participate in society?
What are adjustments or modifications made to allow individuals with disabilities fully participate in society?
What is health insurance that is funded or provided by the government?
What is health insurance that is funded or provided by the government?
What is health insurance that a person buys from a private company; private healthcare can either be employer-sponsored or direct purchase?
What is health insurance that a person buys from a private company; private healthcare can either be employer-sponsored or direct purchase?
What occurs when the government owns and runs the entire healthcare system?
What occurs when the government owns and runs the entire healthcare system?
What is a system that guarantees healthcare coverage for everyone?
What is a system that guarantees healthcare coverage for everyone?
What is the act of a couple sharing a residence while they are not married?
What is the act of a couple sharing a residence while they are not married?
What is the act of being married to only one person at a time?
What is the act of being married to only one person at a time?
What is the state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time?
What is the state of being committed or married to more than one person at a time?
What is the act of entering into a marriage while still married to another person?
What is the act of entering into a marriage while still married to another person?
What is a socially recognized group (usually joined by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption) that forms an emotional connection and serves as an economic unit of society?
What is a socially recognized group (usually joined by blood, marriage, cohabitation, or adoption) that forms an emotional connection and serves as an economic unit of society?
What is the family to which a person is born?
What is the family to which a person is born?
What is a family that is formed through marriage?
What is a family that is formed through marriage?
What are married parents and children as the nucleus, or core, of the group?
What are married parents and children as the nucleus, or core, of the group?
What is a household that includes at least one parent and child as well as other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins?
What is a household that includes at least one parent and child as well as other relatives like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins?
What is a family where a single adult is responsible for raising children, without a spouse or live-in partner to share that responsibility?
What is a family where a single adult is responsible for raising children, without a spouse or live-in partner to share that responsibility?
What is a family formed when two adults marry and bring children from previous relationships into the household, creating a stepfamily where some children are not biologically related to one or both parents?
What is a family formed when two adults marry and bring children from previous relationships into the household, creating a stepfamily where some children are not biologically related to one or both parents?
What is a temporary caregiver household that takes in children who are unable to live with their biological parents due to circumstances like abuse, neglect, or family crisis, providing them with a safe living environment until they can be returned home or placed with a permanent guardian?
What is a temporary caregiver household that takes in children who are unable to live with their biological parents due to circumstances like abuse, neglect, or family crisis, providing them with a safe living environment until they can be returned home or placed with a permanent guardian?
What refers to any form of childcare provided by someone other than a child's biological parents, including foster care, daycare, or grandparents acting as caregivers?
What refers to any form of childcare provided by someone other than a child's biological parents, including foster care, daycare, or grandparents acting as caregivers?
31% of same-sex couples are raising children, which is significantly different from the percentage of opposite-sex couples who are parents, estimated at around 43%.
31% of same-sex couples are raising children, which is significantly different from the percentage of opposite-sex couples who are parents, estimated at around 43%.
What views the family as a vital social institution that performs essential functions for society, like socializing children, providing emotional support, and regulating sexual activity?
What views the family as a vital social institution that performs essential functions for society, like socializing children, providing emotional support, and regulating sexual activity?
What emphasizes power dynamics within families, seeing family members as competing for resources and status, with potential for conflict arising from unequal power distribution?
What emphasizes power dynamics within families, seeing family members as competing for resources and status, with potential for conflict arising from unequal power distribution?
What focuses on gender inequality within families, analyzing how traditional gender roles perpetuate women's subordination and advocating for more equitable family structures?
What focuses on gender inequality within families, analyzing how traditional gender roles perpetuate women's subordination and advocating for more equitable family structures?
What analyzes family interactions as a series of exchanges where individuals seek to maximize their benefits and minimize costs in relationships?
What analyzes family interactions as a series of exchanges where individuals seek to maximize their benefits and minimize costs in relationships?
What views the family as a complex system where each member's behavior influences others, with an emphasis on family patterns and interactions across generations?
What views the family as a complex system where each member's behavior influences others, with an emphasis on family patterns and interactions across generations?
Around half of all marriages end in divorce.
Around half of all marriages end in divorce.
Men tend to remarry sooner than women, with the majority of both genders remarrying within five years of a divorce.
Men tend to remarry sooner than women, with the majority of both genders remarrying within five years of a divorce.
Around 41% of women and 26% of men in the U.S. have experienced some form of intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual, or contact violence.
Around 41% of women and 26% of men in the U.S. have experienced some form of intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual, or contact violence.
Child abuse in the U.S. is a significant issue with millions of children experiencing some form of abuse each year, including physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect.
Child abuse in the U.S. is a significant issue with millions of children experiencing some form of abuse each year, including physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect.
What is a systematic of beliefs, values, and practices, concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant?
What is a systematic of beliefs, values, and practices, concerning what a person holds to be sacred or spiritually significant?
What are behaviors or practices that are either required for or expected of the members of a particular groups?
What are behaviors or practices that are either required for or expected of the members of a particular groups?
What is the modernization of society would bring about a decrease in the influence of religion?
What is the modernization of society would bring about a decrease in the influence of religion?
What are religious groups that are small, secretive, and highly controlling of members, and have a charismatic leader?
What are religious groups that are small, secretive, and highly controlling of members, and have a charismatic leader?
What is a large, mainstream religion that is not sponsored by the state?
What is a large, mainstream religion that is not sponsored by the state?
What is religion based on belief in a single deity?
What is religion based on belief in a single deity?
What is religion based on belief in multiple deities?
What is religion based on belief in multiple deities?
What is religion that behaves in the divinity of non-human beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world?
What is religion that behaves in the divinity of non-human beings, like animals, plants, and objects of the natural world?
What is belief in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings?
What is belief in a divine connection between humans and other natural beings?
What is a belief in no deities?
What is a belief in no deities?
What views religion as a positive force that maintains social stability by providing meaning and cohesion?
What views religion as a positive force that maintains social stability by providing meaning and cohesion?
What sees religion as a tool used by powerful groups to maintain their dominance and perpetuate inequality?
What sees religion as a tool used by powerful groups to maintain their dominance and perpetuate inequality?
What focuses on how individuals interpret and experience religious symbols and practices in their everyday lives, shaping their religious beliefs through social interaction?
What focuses on how individuals interpret and experience religious symbols and practices in their everyday lives, shaping their religious beliefs through social interaction?
Flashcards
Positivism
Positivism
The scientific study of social patterns, aiming to understand and address social problems like poverty and education.
Social Facts
Social Facts
Observable aspects of social life that influence individual behavior, such as norms, laws, and social institutions.
Social Solidarity
Social Solidarity
The degree of unity and cohesion within a society, creating a sense of belonging and shared purpose.
Verstehen
Verstehen
Signup and view all the flashcards
Antipositivism
Antipositivism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Quantitative Sociology
Quantitative Sociology
Signup and view all the flashcards
Qualitative Sociology
Qualitative Sociology
Signup and view all the flashcards
Culture
Culture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Material Culture
Material Culture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Nonmaterial Culture
Nonmaterial Culture
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cultural Universals
Cultural Universals
Signup and view all the flashcards
Ethnocentrism
Ethnocentrism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Culture Shock
Culture Shock
Signup and view all the flashcards
Cultural Relativism
Cultural Relativism
Signup and view all the flashcards
Values
Values
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sanctions
Sanctions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Control
Social Control
Signup and view all the flashcards
Norms
Norms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Informal Norms
Informal Norms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Formal Norms
Formal Norms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Symbols
Symbols
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Subcultures
Subcultures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Countercultures
Countercultures
Signup and view all the flashcards
Socialization
Socialization
Signup and view all the flashcards
Self
Self
Signup and view all the flashcards
Generalized Other
Generalized Other
Signup and view all the flashcards
Agents of Socialization
Agents of Socialization
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Groups
Social Groups
Signup and view all the flashcards
Primary Groups
Primary Groups
Signup and view all the flashcards
Secondary Groups
Secondary Groups
Signup and view all the flashcards
In-groups
In-groups
Signup and view all the flashcards
Out-groups
Out-groups
Signup and view all the flashcards
Reference Groups
Reference Groups
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Networks
Social Networks
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Institutions
Social Institutions
Signup and view all the flashcards
Deviance
Deviance
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Stratification
Social Stratification
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Class
Social Class
Signup and view all the flashcards
Social Mobility
Social Mobility
Signup and view all the flashcards
Global Stratification
Global Stratification
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Sociology Study Notes
- Sociology is the scientific and systematic study of groups and their interactions, societies, and social interactions.
- Social facts are laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashions, rituals and cultural rules governing society.
- Society is a group of people who interact in a defined geographic area and share common culture.
- Positivism is the scientific study of social patterns.
- Sociological imagination is the understanding of the relationship between an individual's behaviour and experience and the wider culture that shapes their choices.
- Auguste Comte believed that sociologists could address problems like education and poverty.
- Harriet Martineau translated Comte's writing and analyzed social practices (e.g., economics, social class, religion, suicide, government, women's rights)
- Karl Marx believed social change arose from social conflict, and societies developed through class struggles.
- Herbert Spencer believed in the superiority of one race over another.
- Émile Durkheim focused on sociological study of objective social facts to determine the health of society, studying social ties to social solidarity.
- Herbert Mead developed symbolic interactionism examining how self-development occurs in interactions with others.
- Max Weber believed in Verstehen (understanding behaviours from an insider's perspective); and he studied the factors impacting capitalism (e.g., the Protestant ethic).
- W.E.B. Dubois's study of the African American community in Philadelphia documented familial and employment structures.
- Sociologists use various methods, including observation, surveys, and interviews.
- Sociological imagination helps us analyze personal problems within their wider social context
- Different theoretical perspectives include functionalism (focuses on societal stability), conflict theory (emphasises societal inequalities), and symbolic interactionism (examines everyday human interactions).
- Culture includes shared beliefs, values, and practices.
- Material culture refers to objects and belongings; nonmaterial culture refers to ideas, attitudes and beliefs.
- Cultural universals are globally shared traits.
- Ethnocentrism is evaluating another culture by your own standards.
- Culture shock is personal disorientation in an unfamiliar environment.
- Cultural imperialism is deliberately imposing your culture on another
- Cultural relativism is evaluating a culture by its own standards.
- Sanctions are rules enforcement mechanisms, formal (e.g., law enforcement) and informal.
- Norms are visible and invisible rules that dictate behaviours.
- Symbols are used for communication and conveying meaning
- Language is a social system that uses symbols to communicate and transmit culture
- The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests language shapes our understanding of the world.
- Subcultures are smaller groups within a larger culture that share specific identities.
- Countercultures reject norms/values of the larger culture
- Socialization is the process people learn societal norms, values, and beliefs.
- The self develops through social interactions.
- Moral development is how people learn societal standards for good and bad behaviour.
- Socialization debate involves the nurture versus nature discussion on personality development.
- Various institutions (e.g., family, schools, workplace, religion, media) play a crucial role in socialization.
- Deviance is the violation of norms.
- Crime involves violating laws, subject to formal sanctions.
- Social control refers to regulating and enforcing social norms
- Social order is the arrangement of behaviours on which society functions.
Sociological Research
- Empirical evidence is gathered from direct experience, data, or experimentation.
- Meta-analysis is combining the results of multiple studies on a topic.
- A hypothesis is a testable statement about the relationship between two or more variables (independent and dependent).
- The scientific method involves asking questions, researching existing sources, hypothesis formulation, study design and execution, and concluding with the results.
Culture and Socialization
- Culture includes symbols, language, values, norms, and beliefs shared by a group.
- Socialization involves the process of learning and internalizing social norms.
- Values are cultural beliefs and ideals.
- Norms are social rules for behavior.
- Society is organized by social institutions, such as family, education, and religion.
- Socialization helps individuals develop their self-concept.
- Socialization influences values and beliefs.
Social Stratification
- Social stratification is a society's ranking of its members based on their power, wealth, income, education, and family background.
- Social stratification (and resulting inequality) is a concern in many areas such as family, sexuality, and gender.
- A caste system is when social standing is based on birth.
- Class systems are based on individual accomplishments rather than birth.
- Class traits are typical behaviour, customs, and norms that define a particular social class.
- Social mobility describes the ability to change one's social standing.
Health and Medicine
- Medical sociology studies health and illness within society.
- Social determinants of health affect health outcomes in many ways.
- Stigma around illnesses exists for certain medical conditions.
- The social epidemiology study the causes and distribution of diseases.
- Different theoretical perspectives, including functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism, examine health concerns.
Family
- Family is a socially recognized group; often including marriage, cohabitation, or adoption involving emotional and financial ties.
- Different types of families exist (e.g., nuclear familes, extended families, blended families).
Religion
- Religion refers to systems of beliefs about what is considered sacred and spiritually significant; involving rituals and practices.
- Different types of religious organization exist including cults and denominations.
- Theoretical perspectives on religion include functionalism and conflict theory.
Work
- Work is a significant area of social organisation
- Societies and economies are organised in differing ways.
- Capitalism and socialism are examples of economic systems.
Media
- Media impacts knowledge acquisition, values, norms, and beliefs.
- Media is significant for access to societal information.
- Media is often subject to different interpretations.
- Theoretical perspectives on media include functionalism and conflict theory.
Deviance
- Deviance is behavior that violates social norms.
- Social control concerns regulating and enforcing social norms.
- Criminal behaviours violate official laws.
- Various theories explain deviance, including strain theory, and conflict theory
- The concept of social construction suggests deviance is a social creation influenced by societal constructs.
Social Change
- Social change is the alteration of society. Various factors cause social changes
Race and Ethnicity
- Race is a group of humans based on shared characteristics
- Ethnicity refers to shared cultural attributes, such as heritage or language.
- Minority and majority groups in societies demonstrate inequality.
- Minority groups face discrimination.
- Theories of social construction explain social phenomena and resulting inequality
- Racism is the belief that one racial group is superior or inferior to another
Gender and Sexuality
- Gender refers to socially attributed characteristics, while sex is based on biological traits.
- Gender roles are socially defined behaviours and expectations assigned to different genders.
- Gender identity is an individual's internal sense of their gender.
- Sexual orientation refers to attraction.
- Sexuality is the capacity for sexual feelings and attraction.
- Important to distinguish between sex and gender; and different gender orientations (e.g., LGBTQ+, intersex)
- Theoretical perspectives such as functionalism, and conflict theory, explain differences and inequalities in gender and sexuality.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the fundamentals of sociology with this quiz on social facts, interactions, and key theorists like Comte, Martineau, and Marx. Understand how individual behaviors are influenced by larger societal contexts and concepts such as positivism and sociological imagination. Test your knowledge on the essential principles and historical perspectives of sociology.
