Introduction to Social Psychology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best defines a hypothesis in research?

  • A broad, general idea that explains a range of phenomena.
  • A detailed plan for how data will be collected and analyzed.
  • An established fact proven by a large body of evidence.
  • A testable statement about the potential relationship between variables. (correct)

    • What is the primary limitation of correlational research?

  • It cannot establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables. (correct)
  • It only provides data for a single specific observation.
  • It cannot establish the order in which variables occur.
  • It does not allow for predicting future relationships.

    • Which element of research design provides the specific details on how data will be gathered?

  • Research methods (correct)
  • Research design
  • Research theory
  • Research hypothesis

    • What significant bias can 'unrepresentative samples' lead to in survey research?

    <p>Skewed results, and hence reducing the external validity of the research. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following issues may lead to participants answering a survey with dishonest or socially acceptable, rather than truthful, answers?

    <p>Response bias and social desirability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the relationship between personal attitudes and behavior?

    <p>Personal attitudes primarily shape behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the focus of social neuroscience?

    <p>The neural and psychological roots of social and emotional behaviors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of social psychology, what is the significance of 'relatedness'?

    <p>It is a fundamental psychological need. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a criticism faced by social psychology?

    <p>It is too abstract and not practical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main problem with relying on 'common sense' in understanding social situations?

    <p>Common sense only becomes obvious after we learn the outcome. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'hindsight bias' refer to?

    <p>Thinking you knew that an event would occur only after it has happened. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might personality disposition affect behavior over time?

    <p>A change in personality disposition can lead to a change in behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by saying humans are 'bio-psycho-social' organisms?

    <p>Human behavior and experiences are shaped by a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of social psychology?

    <p>The scientific study of how people think, influence, and relate to one another. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of social influence?

    <p>An individual’s decision to stay late at work because everyone else is. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social psychology differ from personality psychology?

    <p>Social psychology examines individual behavior in social contexts, while personality psychology focuses on individual traits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key idea behind the concept of 'constructing our social reality'?

    <p>Our social reality is shaped by both what happens and how we interpret it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a potential downside of relying on social intuitions?

    <p>They can lead to biased and irrational decisions due to subjective reasoning. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If someone interprets their friend not saying hello as a sign of being angry with them, this is an example of?

    <p>How behavior changes through personal interpretation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are self-fulfilling beliefs described in the provided content?

    <p>They are important and can shape one’s reality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example best demonstrates the difference in focus between sociology and social psychology?

    <p>A study on the impact of a new school policy on teacher morale (sociology) vs how a single student's behavior changes in the classroom (social psychology). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Social Psychology

    The study of how people think, influence, and interact with each other.

    Social Thinking

    How our perceptions, beliefs, and judgements shape our understanding of ourselves and others in social situations.

    Social Influence

    How we are influenced by the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of others.

    Social Relations

    The connections and bonds we have with others in our environment.

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    Social Psychology vs. Sociology

    The study of how individual behavior changes based on the social context.

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    Social Behaviors

    Our behavior changes based on how we interpret a situation.

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    Social Beliefs

    Our beliefs about things or people can shape our reality. They are self-fulfilling and important.

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    Constructing Social Reality

    Our perceptions and interpretations of events create our own reality.

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    Hypothesis

    A testable proposition that describes a possible relationship between events.

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    Theory

    A set of principles used to explain and predict observed events.

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    Correlational Research

    A study that measures the relationship between two or more variables. It doesn't prove that one causes the other.

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    Research Design

    A specific plan for a research study, outlining the overall approach.

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    Research Methods

    Specific activities used to collect data in a research study.

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    Unrepresentative Samples

    Surveys can suffer from biased samples, leading to inaccurate results.

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    Order of Questions

    The way questions are ordered in a survey can influence how people answer them.

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    Response Bias & Social Desirability

    When people respond in a way they think is socially acceptable, even if it's not true.

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    Wording of Questions

    Poorly worded questions can lead to misunderstandings and biased answers.

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    Attitudes Shape Behavior

    Our beliefs and feelings about things influence how we act. For example, believing smoking is harmful discourages smoking, while believing it's okay encourages it.

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    Personality Dispositions Influence Behavior

    Past experiences and personality traits can influence our current behavior. For example, if you previously disliked smoking, you might be less likely to start even if your opinion changes.

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    Social Neuroscience

    This field combines biology and social psychology to understand the neural and psychological basis of social and emotional behaviors.

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    Social Behavior is Biologically Rooted

    Our behavior is influenced by both our genes and our experiences.

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    Relatedness as a Necessity

    Feeling a sense of connection with other people is a basic human need.

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    Relationships and Well-being

    Relationships can bring both comfort and stress. Feeling excluded can be painful. Our relationships can significantly impact our self-worth.

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    Social Psychology: Unimportant?

    One criticism of social psychology is that it merely states obvious facts, offering no new insights.

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    Social Psychology: Dangerous?

    Another criticism is concerned that social psychology's knowledge could be used to manipulate people.

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    Study Notes

    Social Psychology Introduction

    • Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think, influence, and relate to each other.
    • Social thinking involves how individuals perceive themselves and others in social situations. (e.g., "I don't fit for this job.")
    • Social influence explores how others' attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors shape individuals. (e.g., "Everyone is staying late, so I should too.")
    • Social relations focus on the connections and bonds people feel toward others (e.g., social environment).
    • Social psychology compares to sociology (large groups/institutions) and personality psychology (individual traits).

    Social Behaviors

    • Social behaviors change based on how situations are interpreted. (e.g., friend not saying hi -> interpreted as anger -> apology).
    • Social beliefs affect our perceptions of reality, these beliefs can impact outcomes. (e.g., "I believe I'll do bad, and therefore I will do bad").
    • Social intuitions are gut feelings, often powerful but sometimes flawed.
    • Social intuitions are often helpful for rapid response (e.g., COVID-19 response).
    • Personal attitudes affect behaviors: (e.g., if I think smoking is bad I won't smoke).

    Social Psychology's Methods

    • Social neuroscience integrates biological and social perspectives to understand social and emotional behaviors.
    • Social psychology faces criticism for being trivial/dangerous. (Trivial – stating obvious; Dangerous – possible manipulation)
    • Common sense versus social psychology: common sense thinking might occur after the fact, whereas social psychology aims to anticipate and understand social situations and behaviors.
    • Theories are integrated explanations of events/predictions.
    • Hypotheses are testable propositions about the relationship between events.
    • Correlation vs. causation: Correlation doesn't imply causation.
    • Elements of research design: overall plan for a study (e.g., correlational, experimental), specific methods (interviews, surveys).
    • Correlational study: examines associations between variables (observational); experimental study: manipulates variable.

    Research Design and Ethics

    • Response bias (participants answering untruthfully).
    • Wording biases (bad question wording).
    • Experimental designs: manipulate independent variables, and measure dependent variables, random assignment.
    • Ethics for social psychology: experiments must operate between harmless and risky.
    • Minimizing harm, informed consent from participants.
    • Generalizing laboratory findings to real life is sometimes challenging.

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    Related Documents

    Social Psychology Intro (Week 1) PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of social psychology, including how individuals think, influence, and connect with one another. It explores key concepts such as social thinking, social influence, and social relations. Test your understanding of these crucial components of human behavior.

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