Introduction to Shock and Oxygen Delivery

<p>Grey/purple mucous membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cellular necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood lactate levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DO2 = Cardiac Output x CaO2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac Output (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensatory shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Failure of compensatory mechanisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Switching to anaerobic metabolism leading to lactate production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It carries oxygen from lungs to tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate the exchange of gases between blood and tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanide exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced oxygen transport capacity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyanide poisoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts to regulate blood flow and resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhances the rate of oxygen diffusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires oxygen to produce energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreases blood pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20-30% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen extraction ratio (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased stroke volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactate concentrations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxygen content in the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>95 - 100% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.34 [Hb] SaO2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCV = Hct ⩰ 1/3 [Hb] (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart Rate x Stroke volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced oxygen availability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.003 PaO2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in the blood. It reflects how well oxygen is being transported throughout the body.

A measure of the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen in the blood. It tells us how much oxygen is available for delivery to tissues.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. It reflects the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma.

The relationship between oxygen saturation (SaO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in the blood. It helps to understand how oxygen binding to hemoglobin changes with varying oxygen levels.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It determines how much oxygen-rich blood is delivered to the tissues.

The volume of blood ejected from the heart with each beat. It's influenced by factors like cardiac contractility and blood volume.

Factors that affect the delivery of oxygen to the tissues. These include the amount of oxygen in the blood, the heart's ability to pump blood, and the blood vessels' ability to carry blood effectively.

A condition where the delivery of oxygen to the tissues is reduced. This can be caused by various factors such as lung diseases, heart problems, or low blood oxygen levels.

Shock is a life-threatening condition where the body's tissues don't receive enough oxygen, leading to cell damage and organ dysfunction.

The oxygen delivery equation describes how much oxygen is delivered to the tissues. It takes into account the amount of blood pumped by the heart (cardiac output) and the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood.

Cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute.

Oxygen content (CaO2) represents the amount of oxygen carried by the blood. It's influenced by the concentration of hemoglobin, the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood.

In shock, the body tries to compensate by increasing heart rate, constricting blood vessels, and redirecting blood to vital organs. This stage is called compensatory shock.

Decompensatory shock occurs when the body's compensatory mechanisms fail. Blood pressure drops, organs start to fail, and the situation rapidly deteriorates.

Blood lactate is a byproduct of anaerobic metabolism. Elevated levels indicate that cells are not receiving enough oxygen and are resorting to less efficient energy production.

Blood lactate is a valuable indicator of oxygen delivery. High levels can help determine the severity of shock and the effectiveness of treatment.

A condition where the body's tissues don't have enough oxygen, often due to problems with the heart's ability to pump blood or a lack of oxygen-carrying blood.

The process by which cells use oxygen to generate energy.

The first stage of cellular respiration that occurs without oxygen, generating a small amount of energy.

The second stage of cellular respiration that requires oxygen and produces significantly more energy.

This process occurs in mitochondria, the 'powerhouses' of cells, and requires oxygen.

A condition where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, leading to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.

A condition where the body lacks sufficient blood volume, leading to decreased oxygen transport.

The fine network of tiny blood vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged between blood and tissues.

A decrease in oxygen delivery to tissues below the body's needs, leading to a shift to anaerobic metabolism and the potential for organ damage.

The process where cells produce energy (ATP) without oxygen. Results in a build-up of lactic acid.

A condition where there is an increased level of lactic acid in the blood, causing a drop in blood pH.

The percentage of oxygen taken up by tissues from blood as it travels through the body.

The amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood, representing the oxygen available for diffusion into tissues.

The volume of oxygen delivered to the tissues per minute, calculated by multiplying cardiac output by oxygen content.

The amount of oxygen used by tissues per minute, reflecting the tissue's metabolic needs.

When oxygen demand exceeds oxygen delivery, leading to tissue hypoxia and potential damage.

The body's physiological response to decreased oxygen delivery, aiming to restore the oxygen balance by increasing heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen extraction.