Introduction to Seismology

Seismology

• The study of earthquakes and related phenomena.

### Seismologists

• Scientists who specialize in studying earthquakes and their effects.

Seismograph

• A device that detects and records ground motion during an earthquake.

Seismograms

• The visual records produced by seismographs, showing the intensity and duration of seismic waves.

Magnitude

• A measurement of the energy released by an earthquake at its source (hypocenter).

Richter Scale

• A logarithmic scale, developed by Charles Richter in 1935, to measure earthquake magnitude.

### Foreshocks

• Smaller tremors that often precede a major earthquake.

### Aftershocks

• Smaller earthquakes that follow a major earthquake and can cause further damage.

### Earthquake Hazards

• Ground shaking: The vibration of the ground during an earthquake, causing structural damage.
• Ground rupture: The visible cracking and displacement of the Earth's surface during an earthquake.

### Before Earthquakes

• Familiarization with local earthquake risks is essential for preparedness.

### During Earthquakes

• Cover - Hold on - Drop: This safety protocol minimizes injury during an earthquake.

### After Earthquakes

• Evacuation: Seek safe exit routes as soon as the shaking stops.
• Aftershock awareness: Be prepared for additional tremors that may occur after the main shock.
• Injury check: Assess for injuries in yourself and others.

### During Earthquakes (Safety Measures)

• Find open spaces if outdoors to avoid falling debris.
• Move to higher ground if near the coast to avoid tsunamis.
• Stay away from steep slopes that may be susceptible to landslides.
• Stop moving vehicles safely if caught in a moving vehicle.

### After Earthquakes (Safety Measures)

• Avoid traversing bridges or overpasses as they may be damaged.

Explore the fundamentals of seismology, including key concepts such as earthquakes, seismographs, and the Richter Scale. This quiz will test your understanding of seismic waves, foreshocks, aftershocks, and the hazards associated with earthquakes. Get ready to delve into the science of ground movement!