Introduction to Research Methods

Study Notes

Research is a systematic investigation that seeks to discover new knowledge.
It involves gathering and analyzing information to contribute to generalizable knowledge.
The goal is to extend human understanding beyond what is already known.
The core of research is the Scientific Method, which involves observing the world and creating a hypothesis to explain relationships.

Research is crucial for advancing knowledge, driving innovation, and supporting informed decision-making.
It contributes to the growth of understanding in various fields like science, technology, and social sciences.
Research is essential for problem-solving, identifying challenges, and finding solutions.
It plays a key role in education, shaping curriculums, teaching methods, and policy.
Research fuels innovation, leading to new technologies, products, and methods.
It promotes continuous learning by building on existing knowledge and adapting to changing circumstances.
Research hones critical thinking, analytical, and problem-solving skills.

Systematic: Research follows a structured and organized approach for gathering and analyzing data.
Verifiable: The methods used in research are transparent and repeatable, allowing others to check findings.
Objective: Research strives to minimize bias and present findings fairly.
Comprehensive: Research covers all relevant aspects of the topic, ensuring thoroughness.
Empirical: Research relies on evidence and data collected through observation, measurement, and experimentation.
Critical: Research involves rigorous evaluation of evidence, challenging assumptions, and looking for alternative explanations.
Valid: Research ensures that the findings are accurate and measure what they intend to measure.
Rigorous: Research follows strict standards for quality control and data analysis, ensuring reliability and trustworthiness.

Qualitative Research focuses on exploring and understanding the complexities of human experiences and phenomena.
It relies on non-numerical data such as words, images, and observations.
Qualitative methods are valuable for gaining an in-depth understanding of nuanced topics.
Quantitative Research focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data to explain and predict phenomena.
This approach is well-suited for measuring, comparing, and quantifying variables.
Mixed Methods Research combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods within a single study.
This integrated approach can provide a more comprehensive understanding of complex topics by leveraging the strengths of both approaches.

Research Design is the foundation of any study.
It provides a roadmap for the research project and outlines how all components will work together to address the central research questions.
A well-designed study ensures that the collected information is relevant, meaningful, and reliable.
The research design determines the methods used to protect research subjects and maintain the integrity of the collected data.
A sound design is essential for ensuring the quality and validity of the research findings.