Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of quantitative research designs?
What is the primary purpose of quantitative research designs?
- Analyze subjective experiences of participants
- Examine phenomena as it is in rich detail
- Study relationships and cause and effect (correct)
- Gather narratives from a small sample
Which type of sample size is typically used in qualitative research?
Which type of sample size is typically used in qualitative research?
- Random samples
- No specific sampling method
- Large samples
- Small samples (correct)
In qualitative research, the approach is primarily which of the following?
In qualitative research, the approach is primarily which of the following?
- Inductive (correct)
- Statistical
- Deductive
- Quantitative
How does the design of qualitative research typically differ from quantitative research?
How does the design of qualitative research typically differ from quantitative research?
What is the primary purpose of the Research Ethics Committee?
What is the primary purpose of the Research Ethics Committee?
What type of analysis is commonly used in quantitative research?
What type of analysis is commonly used in quantitative research?
Which type of ethical review involves assessing amendments and serious adverse events?
Which type of ethical review involves assessing amendments and serious adverse events?
Which description best fits the tools used in qualitative research?
Which description best fits the tools used in qualitative research?
Which of the following research subjects would require a full review due to risks involved?
Which of the following research subjects would require a full review due to risks involved?
What is a primary characteristic of quantitative research designs?
What is a primary characteristic of quantitative research designs?
What is the definition of a research method?
What is the definition of a research method?
What is an 'intrusive threat' as defined in sensitive research?
What is an 'intrusive threat' as defined in sensitive research?
In sensitive research, what does 'threat of sanction' refer to?
In sensitive research, what does 'threat of sanction' refer to?
What kind of review would be appropriate for research involving minors?
What kind of review would be appropriate for research involving minors?
Which of these is NOT a type of ethical review mentioned?
Which of these is NOT a type of ethical review mentioned?
What could be considered a 'political threat' in sensitive research?
What could be considered a 'political threat' in sensitive research?
What is the primary purpose of predicting mental processes and behavior in psychology?
What is the primary purpose of predicting mental processes and behavior in psychology?
Which condition is NOT required for establishing causal inference?
Which condition is NOT required for establishing causal inference?
How do psychologists apply their knowledge to improve lives?
How do psychologists apply their knowledge to improve lives?
Which aspect of scientific psychology focuses on understanding and measuring behavior?
Which aspect of scientific psychology focuses on understanding and measuring behavior?
What does covariation mean in the context of causal relationships?
What does covariation mean in the context of causal relationships?
In what way can psychologists assess the impacts of stressful events on physical illness?
In what way can psychologists assess the impacts of stressful events on physical illness?
Which of the following is a key element of the scientific method in psychology?
Which of the following is a key element of the scientific method in psychology?
What is NOT a focus of psychologists when identifying causes of phenomena?
What is NOT a focus of psychologists when identifying causes of phenomena?
What is the purpose of conducting pre-testing for data gathering tools?
What is the purpose of conducting pre-testing for data gathering tools?
Which method could be used for distributing and collecting data in a research study?
Which method could be used for distributing and collecting data in a research study?
What is a crucial aspect to ensure during the tool validation process?
What is a crucial aspect to ensure during the tool validation process?
Which statistical analysis method should be presented in quantitative research?
Which statistical analysis method should be presented in quantitative research?
What ethical consideration is important in research involving human participants?
What ethical consideration is important in research involving human participants?
Which feature is NOT typically part of the data gathering procedures?
Which feature is NOT typically part of the data gathering procedures?
What type of questions might be included in a data gathering tool?
What type of questions might be included in a data gathering tool?
Which of the following statements about qualitative research analysis is true?
Which of the following statements about qualitative research analysis is true?
What is the primary function of a present researcher in relation to previous work?
What is the primary function of a present researcher in relation to previous work?
What characteristic distinguishes scientific knowledge from non-scientific knowledge in terms of approach?
What characteristic distinguishes scientific knowledge from non-scientific knowledge in terms of approach?
Which attitude is typically associated with non-scientific knowledge?
Which attitude is typically associated with non-scientific knowledge?
How does observation differ between non-scientific and scientific knowledge?
How does observation differ between non-scientific and scientific knowledge?
What type of reporting is associated with scientific knowledge?
What type of reporting is associated with scientific knowledge?
Which statement correctly describes the concepts in non-scientific knowledge?
Which statement correctly describes the concepts in non-scientific knowledge?
How are instruments used in scientific knowledge characterized compared to those in non-scientific knowledge?
How are instruments used in scientific knowledge characterized compared to those in non-scientific knowledge?
What influence do cognitive biases have on non-scientific knowledge?
What influence do cognitive biases have on non-scientific knowledge?
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Study Notes
Understanding Research in Psychology
- Researchers build on previous work to confirm, enhance, or challenge findings.
- Knowledge is categorized into non-scientific (intuitive, subjective) and scientific (empirical, objective).
Characteristics of Knowledge
- Non-scientific knowledge relies on intuitive feelings and is often biased and subjective.
- Scientific knowledge is based on systematic observation, objective reporting, and accurate instruments.
Predictive and Explanatory Research
- Correlations among variables allow predictions about behaviors and mental processes; e.g., early parental loss and vulnerability to depression.
- Three conditions for establishing causation:
- Covariation: cause and effect vary together.
- Time order: cause precedes effect.
- Elimination of alternative causes.
Application of Psychological Knowledge
- Psychologists utilize research methods to positively influence lives, including self-help techniques and therapies.
Scientific Method in Psychology
- A systematic approach to asking and answering questions about behavior.
- Impacts the understanding of phenomena through methodical observation and analysis.
Research Designs in Psychology
- Quantitative research focuses on relationships and causal effects, utilizing deductive reasoning and large samples.
- Qualitative research provides rich, detailed examinations and follows an inductive approach with smaller samples.
Defining the Research Method
- Defined as a specific strategy for answering research questions, tailored to the research process.
Quantitative Research
- Employs objective measurement to collect numeric data against predefined hypotheses.
Ethical Considerations in Research
- Research Ethics Committees safeguard participant rights and assess research validity.
- Types of ethical reviews include initial, continuing, and full reviews based on risk levels.
- Sensitive research topics may pose intrusive, sanction, or political threats.
Data Gathering Tools
- Methodology includes survey design, validation processes, and reliability checks.
- Types of questions vary between numerical ratings and qualitative descriptions.
Data Gathering Procedures
- Steps must outline participant instructions, data collection methods, and quality checks.
- Ensures methodological rigor and participant understanding.
Treating Data
- Emphasizes accuracy in using statistical tools for quantitative research and coding processes for qualitative data analysis.
Ethical Research Practice
- Discusses protocols established to ensure ethical integrity throughout the research process.
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