Public Health Quiz: Introduction to Core Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What is the Western Scientific Medical Model's definition of health?

The absence of disease or illness

What are the 'modifiable' factors that contribute to approximately 40% of the UK's life years lost?

Smoking, alcohol, being overweight, and lack of physical activity

What is the purpose of 'Making Every Contact Count' (MECC) in healthcare?

To discuss a healthy lifestyle with patients during every interaction

What are some current public health issues in the UK?

Alcohol misuse, sexual health, viral infections, obesity, smoking, mental health, and environmental pollution Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'public health' according to the World Health Organisation?

All organised measures (whether public or private) to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole Signup and view all the answers

What is the World Health Organisation's definition of 'health'?

A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the UK government agency that provides health statistics and information systems?

UK Health Security Agency Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the publication series that focuses on public health issues in the UK?

Health Matters Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the initiative that aims to make every contact between healthcare professionals and patients count towards improving health outcomes?

Making Every Contact Count (MECC) Signup and view all the answers

Which international organization provides global health statistics and information systems?

World Health Organisation (WHO) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the UK government office that focuses on reducing health disparities and improving health outcomes?

Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Signup and view all the answers

What are the top 5 global causes of death, and what proportion of them are preventable through behavior change?

The top 5 global causes of death are not specified in the text, but it is stated that the majority of them are preventable to some extent through behavior change. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the variation in health outcomes based on geographic location, and what are some examples of this phenomenon?

The term is 'postcode lottery' or 'North-South divide', and examples include some health issues being more prevalent in one area than another. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Joint Strategic Needs Assessments (JSNAs), and how are they used in public health?

JSNAs provide an overview of local population demographics, health and education resources, and health outcomes, and are used to determine which health services are required on a local basis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of pharmacies in delivering public health strategies, and what type of services do they provide?

Pharmacies play an important role in delivering public health strategies, particularly through community pharmacy services, which aim to improve the health of the population as a whole. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of public health screening interventions, and what are some examples of these in the UK?

The purpose of screening is to identify disease early or identify individuals at risk of developing a disease, to aid early treatment and improve survival rates. Examples in the UK include bowel cancer screening, diabetic eye screening, and breast cancer screening. Signup and view all the answers

What are the changes that occurred in public health oversight in England in 2021, and what are the roles of the new bodies?

Public Health England was disbanded in 2021 and replaced by two new bodies: the UK Health Security Agency and the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID). These bodies oversee public health on a national level, while Local Health & Wellbeing Boards and local authorities oversee public health on a local level. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Global Causes of Death

In 2019, the top 5 global causes of death were largely preventable through behavior change

Determinants of Health

Dahlgren and Whitehead's Determinants of Health (1991) provide a public health model
Health inequalities exist due to various factors, including access to services and healthcare

Health Inequalities

Inequalities in access to services and healthcare exist based on a variety of factors
Examples of health issues more prevalent in certain areas are known as the 'postcode lottery' or 'North-South divide'
Public health interventions aim to reduce these inequalities

Government Initiatives

The UK government's 'levelling up' agenda aims to reduce health inequalities
Wolverhampton is piloting a new app to improve people's health through incentives

Identifying Inequalities

Joint Strategic Needs Assessments (JSNA) provide an overview of local population demographics, health, and education resources, and health outcomes
Health Profiles monitor local performance for indicators relating to the Marmot Report of 2010
Marmot Indicators are used to identify health inequalities

Public Health Oversight

Public health policy is set by the Department of Health and implemented locally by Integrated Care Boards (ICBs)
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) provides an evidence base for public health
Public Health England was disbanded in October 2021 and replaced by the UK Health Security Agency and Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID)

Public Health Interventions

Screening aims to identify disease early or identify individuals at risk of developing a disease to aid early treatment and improve survival rates
Examples of public health interventions in the UK include bowel cancer screening, diabetic eye screening, and breast cancer screening

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Description

Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts in public health, including the definitions of health and public health, determinants of health, health inequalities, and public health interventions. Learn about the Western Scientific Medical Model and how to identify and address health inequalities.

Introduction to Public Health