Introduction to Psychopathology
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What symptom does the security guard experience that relates to his excessive concern for threats?

  • Excessive time spent searching for threats (correct)
  • Apathy towards his work environment
  • Frequent nightmares about his job
  • Intrusive memories of traumatic experiences

    • Which of the following best describes the type of stress that Doreen Welsh experienced during the incident?

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
  • Chronic Stress Disorder
  • Acute Stress Disorder (correct)
  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder

    • What behavior demonstrates the security guard's avoidance of reminders of his traumatic experiences?

  • Avoiding physical activity while on duty
  • Engaging in conversations with friends
  • Declining to share details of his trauma (correct)
  • Seeking new job opportunities

    • What immediate emotional reaction did Doreen Welsh report experiencing during the plane incident?

    <p>A rush of adrenaline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the security guard's experience of being easily startled relate to his mental health condition?

    <p>It illustrates a state of hyper-vigilance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ways can lead to the development of Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders?

    <p>Directly experiencing the traumatic event(s). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is NOT included as a means of exposure that could precipitate Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders?

    <p>Witnessing a traumatic event in a movie. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of trauma exposure primarily involves inappropriate sexual experiences without the need for violence or injury?

    <p>Childhood experiences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For which of the following is emotional exposure to trauma considered sufficient for the development of trauma-related disorders?

    <p>Learning that a family member experienced a violent or accidental death. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of exposure is considered extreme and repetitive, which can also contribute to stress disorders?

    <p>Being a first responder collecting human remains. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT commonly associated with CPTSD?

    <p>Experiencing a life-threatening illness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy method focuses primarily on extinguishing conditioned fear responses through visualization?

    <p>Exposure therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) in treating trauma?

    <p>To neutralize negative thoughts related to trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of group management for acute stress, what is the purpose of the 'reaction phase'?

    <p>To facilitate sharing of thoughts and feelings about the incident (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a controversial aspect of the CPTSD diagnosis?

    <p>It is considered simply an extension of severe PTSD. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary educational focus during the teaching phase for victims of trauma?

    <p>Educating about typical reactions to trauma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential complication of using cannabinoids for anxiety in patients with PTSD?

    <p>Enhancing avoidance behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for managing anxiety spikes and flashbacks in individuals experiencing PTSD?

    <p>Propranolol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance can mental health information typically be disclosed without patient consent?

    <p>In case of a serious threat of physical violence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential drawback of using post-stressor memory-dulling treatments, such as propranolol?

    <p>They are unproven in long-term clinical studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Traumatic Events

    Experiences involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence.

    Direct Exposure (Trauma)

    Personally experiencing a traumatic event.

    Witnessing (Trauma)

    Observing a traumatic event happening to someone else.

    Learned Trauma

    Learning that a traumatic event occurred to a loved one.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Extreme Exposure (Trauma)

    Repeated or extensive exposure to distressing details of trauma, such as first responders seeing remains.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

    A mental health condition that can develop after a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event. Symptoms include intrusive memories, avoidance of reminders, and heightened arousal.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)

    A mental health condition having symptoms that are similar to PTSD. ASD typically develops immediately after a traumatic event.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Intrusive Memories

    Unwanted and recurring thoughts or images related to a past traumatic experience.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Avoidance

    A coping mechanism in which people steer clear of places, people, or situations that remind them of a traumatic event.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CPTSD: What's it stand for?

    Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. It involves prolonged trauma and affects many areas of life.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CPTSD: Common Causes

    Examples include childhood abuse, neglect, domestic violence, war, human trafficking, and chronic illnesses.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CPTSD: Unique Symptoms

    Besides PTSD symptoms, it includes changes in worldview, relationships, and trust, and potentially intrusive thoughts about trauma.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    CPTSD: Treatment Approaches

    Therapy often includes exposure therapy (facing trauma safely), cognitive-behavioral therapy (changing thoughts), EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing), and polyvagal therapy.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Group Therapy: Value for CPTSD

    Can provide support, catharsis for shared experiences, and a sense of belonging.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Duty to Warn

    A legal obligation for mental health professionals to disclose confidential information when a patient poses a serious threat of violence to a specific person or group.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Confidentiality

    Protecting the privacy of a patient's mental health information and ensuring it is not shared without their consent.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Prazosin (Minipress™)

    An antihypertensive medication used to treat anxiety spikes, flashbacks, and nightmares associated with PTSD by calming the sympathetic nervous system.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Propanolol (Inderal)

    An experimental treatment for PTSD that blocks adrenaline, potentially reducing memory consolidation of the traumatic event and symptom intensity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Substance-Assisted Psychotherapy

    A therapeutic approach that combines psychedelic medications with psychotherapy to help individuals process trauma and emotional distress.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Psychopathology

    • These lecture notes are copyrighted and for private student use only
    • Reproduction in whole or in part without instructor permission is prohibited
    • All course materials (lectures, discussions, handouts, examinations, and web materials) are protected by US federal copyright law and the California Civil Code
    • Students are permitted to make notes solely for personal educational use
    • Exceptions may be made for students with disabilities, but completing and selling study guides is forbidden
    • Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence (in children or inappropriate sexual experiences) may cause acute and post-traumatic stress disorders
    • Exposure can occur directly experiencing the event, witnessing it others, learning it happened to a close friend or family member, or experiencing repeated or extreme exposure to the event's details
    • The exposure must have been violent or accidental in situations where the event involved a close family member or close friend's death
    • Exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures is not included unless part of a job

    Reactions to Extreme Trauma

    • Intrusive recollections (daytime flashbacks, nightmares, illusions), acute distress
    • Dissociative symptoms ("psychic numbing"): emotional detachment, being in a "daze," avoiding trauma-related activities, forgetting or fogginess about trauma, feeling that the current setting is dreamlike and not real, feeling detached from one's body
    • Chronic hyperarousal: exaggerated startle, insomnia, hypervigilance, motor restlessness (agitation)
    • Irritability, unprovoked angry outbursts, and aggressiveness
    • Survival guilt / shame – belief that one doesn't deserve to live, have been marginalized. Reckless, impulsive behaviors
    • Acute stress disorder (ASD): disability lasting more than 2 days and less than 1 month
      • Occurs in 20% of cases not involving interpersonal assault, and 20-50% of cases following interpersonal assault
      • Extreme anxiety interfering with sleep, energy levels, concentration, and leading to general withdrawal, absenteeism, and diminished self-care
    • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): disability lasting at least 1 month from a traumatic episode or series of episodes, prevalences depend both on trauma and pre-existing risk factors
      • About 10% of people with PTSD show delayed expression (signs/symptoms becoming sufficient to be diagnosed months after the event)
    • Complex PTSD (CPTSD): prolonged trauma (research diagnosis, not in DSM-5-TR)

    Case Studies

    • Offer examples of acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorders

    Acute and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders: Case Examples

    • Examples of disorders from 9/11, the 2001 US Airways Flight 1549, etc.
    • Sexual violence (attempted or completed rape, and sexual assault)
    • Military combat
    • Physical/emotional abuse (childhood sexual/physical abuse, domestic violence, and workplace abuse)
    • Human calamities (deliberate: bombings, torture, death camps, terrorism, being a crime victim or hostage; accidental: motor vehicle accidents, plane crashes, gun accidents, workplace accidents, physical trauma, climatic calamities)
    • Severity and chronicity of trauma, subsequent adverse life events
    • Family history of depression, anxiety, or PTSD
    • Racial or ethnic minority status
    • Poor coping habits (smoking, drinking, drug use)
    • Intergenerational trauma
    • Poor social support

    Complex PTSD (CPTSD)

    • A special case of PTSD due to repeated or continuous trauma
    • Symptoms are extreme and longer-lasting, often stemming from childhood abuse or neglect, war zone existence, or a series of illnesses, medical procedures, or surgeries

    Psychotherapy for PTSD

    • 1st-line treatment is exposure therapy (visualization of trauma) combined with relaxation
    • Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) helps neutralize negative thoughts and develop new interpretations
    • Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a dubious neurological model aiming to reduce anxiety through bodily awareness
    • Group therapy, stress management training, and reframing relationships with abusers are also beneficial

    Group Management for Acute Stress: Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

    • Structured debriefing process involving fact, reaction, symptom, teaching, and reentry phases
    • Note: insufficient evidence of its effectiveness in reducing future issues

    Medication Treatment of ASD and PTSD

    • Symptomatic care: anxiolytics (for short-term anxiety management), antidepressants (chronic depression), antipsychotics (paranoia/dissociative behaviors), sleep medications, Cannabinoids
    • Antihypertensive medications (e.g., prazosin) for anxiety spikes, flashbacks, and nightmares (potentially effective for those already hypertensive)
    • Experimental medications (e.g., post-stressor propranolol) that block adrenaline and reduce memory consolidation, but insufficient clinical trails are available
    • Psychedelics (e.g., MDMA, psilocybin, LSD, ketamine, DMT) are promising but require more study for effectiveness and safety

    Mental Health Law and Regulations

    • Confidentiality: patient consent is needed for release of mental health information, except in specific circumstances
    • Duty to warn, child/elder/dependent adult abuse
    • Involuntary commitment (5150, 5250 holds), Lanterman-Petris-Short Act
    • Assisted Outpatient Treatment (AOT) (e.g., "Laura's Law")
    • Temporary Gun Seizure (California Law AB 1014)

    A Crisis of Placement

    • High rates of people with mental illness being placed in jails.
    • Often lack of necessary treatment.

    Involuntary Long-Term Custodial Care("Conservatorship")

    • Gravely disabled from mental disorder or chronic alcoholism may be placed in the hands of a conservator temporarily or long-term
    • Conservators are responsible to the court for a comprehensive treatment plan and management of the patient
    • Licensed conservators can help family members

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    PSY 183 Fall 2024 Trauma-Stress-MH Law PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on traumatic and stressor-related disorders as part of the Introduction to Psychopathology course. It covers the definitions, symptoms, and implications of acute and post-traumatic stress disorders. Explore how exposure to trauma can impact mental health and learn about the various ways individuals can be affected.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser