Introduction to Psychology Quiz

Psychology is the scientific study of how people think and act.

Psychology aims to explain and understand mental processes and behavior through scientific research.

Research in psychology uses systematic methods like experiments to test hypotheses and draw conclusions about how people think and behave.

The word 'psychology' comes from Greek words for 'life' and 'explanation'.

Psychology is a popular academic field and a common topic in media, showing its relevance to everyday life.

Research provides specific examples of how psychology works in real-world situations, helping students connect theories to practical applications.

Research helps dispel common misconceptions like hindsight bias, showing how psychology can be used to understand and predict behavior.

Emphasis on behavior and scientific methods makes this textbook organized, concise, and focused on core concepts.

A school of psychology that focuses on identifying the basic building blocks of consciousness, like sensations, images, and feelings.

A school of psychology that emphasizes the functions of mental processes, like how they help us adapt to our environment.

A school of psychology that focuses on the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.

A school of psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and its environmental influences.

A school of psychology that examines mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory, and problem-solving.

A school of psychology that explores how social and cultural contexts influence behavior.

A psychologist known for his contributions to structuralism.

A psychologist known for his contributions to functionalism.

The idea that we have free will and are responsible for our choices. It impacts how we view and punish criminals.

The ability of people to accurately process information and make good decisions. Humans are considered 'good enough' but not perfect.

Factors that can influence a person's judgments, like desires for wealth or positive self-image, and emotional responses to events.

The debate over how much of our actions are consciously controlled versus influenced by unconscious factors.

The exploration of whether human behaviors are primarily driven by universal traits or by individual differences.

The study of how gender influences psychological and personality traits.

The exploration of how cultural backgrounds influence psychological processes and behavior.

The study of how personality traits differ across various ethnicities and cultures.

The shift in the study of human mind from philosophical reflections to rigorous scientific methods with the help of empirical evidence and standardized experiments.

Key inquiries that drive psychological understanding are: 1. How does the mind work? 2. How does the mind develop and change? 3. How do individuals differ in their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions? 4. How do our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors interact with our social environment? 5. How can we improve human wellbeing and understanding?

This approach studies how mental processes - such as thinking, memory, and problem solving - influence behavior.

Focusing on the unique experiences and subjective interpretations of individuals, this school considers how people construct their own understanding of the world.

An approach that explores the influence of biological factors, including genetics, brain structure, and neurochemicals on behavior, thoughts, and emotions.

This approach examines how social, cultural, and interpersonal factors influence human behavior.

This school emphasizes the dynamic interplay between biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding human behavior.

German psychologist who researched how effectively people remember lists of words under different conditions.

English psychologist known for investigating cognitive and social processes in remembering.

A short story used by Bartlett to evaluate the influence of prior expectations on memory.

Our prior knowledge and expectations influence our ability to remember information.

Swiss psychologist who developed the cognitive-developmental stage model.

The idea that our memory is shaped by what we already know or believe.

Social-cultural psychology examines how individuals perceive themselves and others, and how their interactions affect each other's behavior.

We are more likely to be attracted to people who share similar attitudes and interests.

We compare our opinions to those of others to form our own beliefs and attitudes.

Adjusting our beliefs and behaviors to align with those of significant people in our lives.

Shared ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that are considered appropriate by a group's members.

Culture influences every aspect of our lives, forming a framework for social norms, religious values, and moral beliefs.

Western cultures emphasize individuality and independence, while East Asian cultures prioritize collectivism and interdependence.

Western individualism prioritizes self-reliance and personal goals, while East Asian collectivism focuses on group harmony and social responsibility.