Introduction to Psychology Quiz

The tendency to overestimate our ability to have predicted an outcome after it's already occurred.

A scientific approach used to systematically study and understand phenomena.

A psychological phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help someone in need when there are other people present.

The branch of psychology that focuses on applying psychological principles to real-world problems.

The branch of psychology that focuses on understanding fundamental psychological processes.

Refers to knowledge or data that is obtained through observation and experimentation.

A school of thought in psychology that emphasizes the importance of studying the structure of the mind by analyzing the basic elements of conscious experience. This method involves the process of introspection, where individuals examine their own thoughts and feelings.

A German psychologist considered the 'father of psychology' who established the first experimental psychology laboratory in 1879.

The scientific study of human behavior, both overt (observable) and covert (internal thoughts and feelings), from various perspectives.

A psychology approach that aims to understand and treat mental illness, often focusing on diagnosing and treating mental health problems.

A branch of psychology that studies how people learn and perform in educational settings, emphasizing effective teaching methods and improving student learning.

A subfield of psychology that examines the biological basis of behavior and mental processes, focusing on brain function, neurotransmitters, and the nervous system.

A field of psychology exploring the relationship between psychological factors and physical health, including stress, coping mechanisms, and health behaviors.

A branch of psychology that investigates how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the presence of others, exploring topics like social influence, group dynamics, and prejudice.

A field of psychology that examines the psychological changes that occur throughout the lifespan, focusing on how individuals develop physically, cognitively, and socially from infancy to old age.

An area of psychology that focuses on helping individuals cope with personal and interpersonal challenges, improving mental well-being, and enhancing overall life satisfaction.

The first experimental psychological laboratory in the United States, established in 1884.

Considered the "Father of Black Psychology," Francis Sumner was the first African American to earn a PhD in psychology in 1920.

Albert Beckham was the first African American school psychologist, recognized in 1924.

Kenneth Clark's famous "Doll Study" in 1940 demonstrated the negative impact of racism and segregation on African American children's self-esteem.

Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman to earn a doctorate in psychology.

Inez Beverly Prosser, the first African American woman to earn a PhD in psychology, conducted research that influenced the outcome of Brown v. Board of Education.

A school of thought in psychology that focuses on the functions of the mind and how it helps us adapt to our environment.

A theory that suggests our behavior is a product of both our biology and our environment.

A type of learning where behavior is shaped by its consequences. Behaviors followed by rewards are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by punishments are less likely to be repeated.

This approach emphasizes the role of internal mental processes in shaping behavior. It uses scientific methods to study these processes and make inferences about how they work.

A field of study that explores how environmental factors, such as behavior and lifestyle, can influence gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence.

The idea that neurotic symptoms (anxiety, depression, phobias, etc.) are not caused by underlying internal disorders, but rather are learned behaviors that result from our interactions with the environment.

A theory that suggests behavior is learned through associating a neutral stimulus with a natural response, leading to a conditioned response.

The idea that the environment shapes and controls behavior.

Watson's school of thought that emphasizes the importance of observable behavior and rejects the study of mental processes.

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus, acquired through repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.

The belief that humans are born with innate abilities and predispositions that influence their behavior.

The idea that human behavior is primarily shaped by experiences and learning.

Watson's claim that the environment and conditioning can significantly shape a person's future, regardless of biological or genetic factors.

The idea that human behavior is not fixed at birth but can be molded by the environment and learning processes.

A revolution in psychology that emerged in the 1960s, emphasizing the role of cognitive processes in learning and behavior.

A model in cognitive psychology that emphasizes the role of cognitive processes between a stimulus and a response.

A mental representation of an environment or a process. It's like a map in our minds.

A type of learning that is not immediately apparent in behavior but is later demonstrated when needed.

The criticism of Behaviorism was that it didn't fully account for the complexity of internal processes like memory and language.