Questions and Answers
What is the definition of psychology?
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What are the goals in psychology?
Overt behavior can only be observed by the individual performing it.
False
Who is considered the father of psychology?
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Which school of psychology focuses on the structure of the mind?
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What is psychoanalysis?
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Who brought structuralism to America?
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Freud’s patients typically had clear physical causes for their nervous disorders.
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Match the following schools of psychology with their descriptions:
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Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology
- Psychology derives from the Greek words "psyche" (mind, spirit, behavior) and "logos" (study).
- It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, encompassing both observable actions and internal reactions.
Goals in Psychology
- Description: Observing behaviors to note occurrences.
- Explanation: Understanding the reasons behind behaviors.
- Theory: General explanations for sets of observations or facts.
- Prediction: Determining the likelihood of future behaviors.
- Control: Modifying behaviors from undesirable to desirable.
Classification of Behavior
- Overt Behavior: Observable actions like talking, facial expressions, and movement.
- Covert Behavior: Internal activities such as thinking, feeling, and remembering.
Psychology as a Science
- Aim to prevent biases that could lead to inaccurate observations.
- Emphasis on precise and careful measurement in psychological studies.
Schools of Psychology
- Structuralism: Focused on the basic elements of the mind; studied by Wilhelm Wundt, who founded the first psychology lab in Germany in 1879.
- Functionalism: Proposed by William James; examines how the mind helps individuals adapt and function in the world.
- Gestalt Psychology: Asserts that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts in perception.
- Psychoanalytic Psychology: Based on Sigmund Freud's theories, emphasizing the unconscious mind and repressed desires.
- Behaviorism: Focused on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes.
Structuralism
- Aimed to analyze the building blocks of the mind.
- Associated with Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Titchener, who brought structuralism to America.
- Margaret Washburn was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology under this paradigm.
Psychoanalytic Psychology
- Freud's theory and therapeutic approach centered on the unconscious mind and repressed threats.
- Patients exhibited nervous disorders with no clear physical cause, suggesting psychological roots.
- Emphasizes the influence of early childhood experiences on behavior and mental health.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of psychology, including its definition and the goals associated with the field. Examine the key terms and the essence of observing behavior in the psychological context. Prepare to delve into the scientific study of mind, spirit, and behavior.
