Introduction to Psychology - PSYCH 111
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of psychology?

Scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

What are the goals in psychology?

  • Prediction (correct)
  • Control (correct)
  • Description (correct)
  • Explanation (correct)
  • Overt behavior can only be observed by the individual performing it.

    False

    Who is considered the father of psychology?

    <p>Wilhelm Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which school of psychology focuses on the structure of the mind?

    <p>Structuralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is psychoanalysis?

    <p>A theory and therapy based on Sigmund Freud's work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who brought structuralism to America?

    <p>Edward Titchener</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Freud’s patients typically had clear physical causes for their nervous disorders.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following schools of psychology with their descriptions:

    <p>Structuralism = Focuses on the structure of the mind Functionalism = Focuses on how the mind adapts and functions Psychoanalytic Psychology = Theory based on the unconscious mind Behaviorism = Studies observable behavior only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Psychology

    • Psychology derives from the Greek words "psyche" (mind, spirit, behavior) and "logos" (study).
    • It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, encompassing both observable actions and internal reactions.

    Goals in Psychology

    • Description: Observing behaviors to note occurrences.
    • Explanation: Understanding the reasons behind behaviors.
    • Theory: General explanations for sets of observations or facts.
    • Prediction: Determining the likelihood of future behaviors.
    • Control: Modifying behaviors from undesirable to desirable.

    Classification of Behavior

    • Overt Behavior: Observable actions like talking, facial expressions, and movement.
    • Covert Behavior: Internal activities such as thinking, feeling, and remembering.

    Psychology as a Science

    • Aim to prevent biases that could lead to inaccurate observations.
    • Emphasis on precise and careful measurement in psychological studies.

    Schools of Psychology

    • Structuralism: Focused on the basic elements of the mind; studied by Wilhelm Wundt, who founded the first psychology lab in Germany in 1879.
    • Functionalism: Proposed by William James; examines how the mind helps individuals adapt and function in the world.
    • Gestalt Psychology: Asserts that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts in perception.
    • Psychoanalytic Psychology: Based on Sigmund Freud's theories, emphasizing the unconscious mind and repressed desires.
    • Behaviorism: Focused on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes.

    Structuralism

    • Aimed to analyze the building blocks of the mind.
    • Associated with Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Titchener, who brought structuralism to America.
    • Margaret Washburn was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology under this paradigm.

    Psychoanalytic Psychology

    • Freud's theory and therapeutic approach centered on the unconscious mind and repressed threats.
    • Patients exhibited nervous disorders with no clear physical cause, suggesting psychological roots.
    • Emphasizes the influence of early childhood experiences on behavior and mental health.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of psychology, including its definition and the goals associated with the field. Examine the key terms and the essence of observing behavior in the psychological context. Prepare to delve into the scientific study of mind, spirit, and behavior.

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