Introduction to Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a hypothesis in research?

  • To gather large amounts of data.
  • To prove theories wrong.
  • To predict specific outcomes based on theory. (correct)
  • To create new theories without testing.

    • In which type of research is deductive reasoning emphasized?

  • Observational studies.
  • Case studies.
  • Qualitative research.
  • Experimental research. (correct)

    • How do researchers typically modify theories?

  • By using intuition and personal beliefs.
  • By conducting interviews with participants.
  • By creating new hypotheses based on test results. (correct)
  • By ignoring inconsistent results.

    • What is a case study primarily associated with?

    <p>Inductive processes and pattern recognition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a theory?

    <p>A complex set of ideas explaining phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do theories play in scientific research?

    <p>They guide the generation of hypotheses for testing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective in psychology focuses on unconscious motivations?

    <p>Psychodynamic perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the behavioral perspective in psychology?

    <p>Observable actions and responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the contributions made by Francis Galton in the study of human behavior?

    <p>He invented the self-report questionnaire.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limitation is associated with self-report measures of happiness?

    <p>They can lead to biased responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do modern researchers verify self-report measures of happiness?

    <p>By comparing peer reports from family and friends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of personality research, what does the 'nature-nurture question' refer to?

    <p>The contrast between genetic and environmental influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method do researchers use to measure happiness objectively besides self-reporting?

    <p>Biological measures like cortisol samples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential issue when people use a numbered scale to report their happiness?

    <p>People may interpret the scale differently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of brain activity is associated with good moods according to modern psychological research?

    <p>Left pre-frontal cortex activation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Galton contribute to the understanding of personality beyond self-reports?

    <p>He explored the differences in identical and fraternal twins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of threats do modern individuals often face that triggers a fight or flight response?

    <p>Psychological threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some negative health consequences associated with persistent exposure to psychological stress?

    <p>Increased susceptibility to heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of survey research?

    <p>Gathering data on people's behaviors and attitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once a threat is resolved, which nervous system takes over to restore the body to a relaxed state?

    <p>Parasympathetic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the spinal cord in relation to the brain?

    <p>To connect the brain to the outside world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an experimental group in research?

    <p>A group that undergoes a deliberate manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement about the brain's structure is accurate?

    <p>The brain consists of interconnected neurons and glia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of research involves observing behavior without any intervention?

    <p>Naturalistic observation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does early trauma relate to stress reactivity?

    <p>It can wire individuals for increased stress reactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In correlational research, what is being examined?

    <p>The relationship between two sets of variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the four primary goals of psychology?

    <p>To predict behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The condition that is manipulated by the experimenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the restoration process of bodily functions after a threat involve?

    <p>Storage of glucose as glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT considered a major perspective in psychology?

    <p>Cultural perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of the brain lobes?

    <p>Lobes have specific functions but work in an integrated manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines psychology as a science?

    <p>Use of scientific research methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of a case study in psychological research?

    <p>To conduct an in-depth investigation of an individual or small group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes behavioral genetics in psychology?

    <p>The study of inherited traits related to behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which field is NOT typically associated with psychology?

    <p>Astrophysics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In experimental research, what is meant by treatment?

    <p>The manipulation that is implemented by the experimenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which research approach involves manipulation of variables?

    <p>Experimental research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common career in the field of psychology?

    <p>Clinical psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the history of psychology?

    <p>It has evolved through the integration of multiple disciplines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to research focuses on observing and describing behavior?

    <p>Descriptive approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Overview

    • Introduction to Psychology (INTPSY1) focuses on understanding human behavior and mental processes.
    • Course includes various methodologies and perspectives within psychology.

    Requirements and Learning Competencies

    • Active engagement with materials and participation in discussions is essential.
    • Students are expected to develop competencies in critical thinking and research skills.

    Nature of Psychology

    • Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
    • Four main goals: describe, explain, predict, and control behavior.
    • Historical development of psychology from philosophical origins to modern scientific approaches.

    Scientific Research in Psychology

    • Scientific method involves hypothesis formulation, experimentation, and theory refinement.
    • Case studies and experiments help interpret complex human behaviors through evidence-based approaches.

    Major Perspectives in Psychology

    • Neuroscience perspective explores biological underpinnings of behavior.
    • Psychodynamic perspective focuses on unconscious motives affecting behavior.
    • Behavioral perspective emphasizes observable behaviors rather than internal mental states.
    • Cognitive, humanistic, and socio-cultural perspectives further enrich psychological understanding.

    Research Methods

    • Naturalistic Observation: observing behavior in its natural context without intervention.
    • Survey Research: collecting data from a representative sample through questionnaires.
    • Case Study: detailed exploration of a single subject or group.
    • Correlational Research: examining relationships between variables, without implying causation.
    • Experimental Research: manipulating one variable to observe effects on another, distinguishing between independent and dependent variables.

    Fields in Psychology

    • Behavioral Genetics: studies genetic influence on behavior.
    • Behavioral Neuroscience: investigates the biological bases of behavior.
    • Clinical Psychology: focuses on diagnosing and treating psychological disorders.

    Stress and Health

    • Persistent stress can lead to physical health issues like heart disease and weakened immune response.
    • Fight or flight response, while adaptive for physical threats, can become maladaptive in modern psychological stressors.

    Central Nervous System

    • The brain consists of billions of neurons and is organized into lobes with specific functions.
    • Spinal cord acts as a communication link between the brain and the body, facilitating reflexes and responses.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers fundamental concepts in psychology as part of a self-regulated learning module. Dive into the basics of psychological principles and explore the course's content designed for aspiring educators in the field of psychology.

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