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Questions and Answers
What is psychology?
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What are the four goals of psychology?
Who developed the technique of objective introspection?
Wilhelm Wundt
Functionalism focuses on the basic elements of the mind.
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Match the following psychologists with their contributions:
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What is structuralism?
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What is the main focus of Gestalt psychology?
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Study Notes
What is Psychology?
- Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
- Behavior refers to outward actions and reactions, while mental processes encompass internal activities of the mind.
Goals of Psychology
- Description: Identifying what is happening in cases of behavior and mental processes.
- Explanation: Understanding why certain behaviors and mental processes occur.
- Prediction: Assessing the likelihood of behaviors and mental processes recurring.
- Control: Developing methods to change or influence behaviors and mental processes.
Structuralism
- Focuses on the structure or basic elements of the mind.
- Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Germany in 1879.
- Introduced objective introspection, a method for examining and measuring thoughts and mental activities.
- Edward Titchener, Wundt's student, introduced structuralism to America.
- Margaret Washburn, Titchener's student, was the first woman to earn a Ph.D. in psychology.
- Structuralism declined in popularity by the early 1900s.
Functionalism
- Proposed by William James, it examines how the mind enables individuals to adapt, live, work, and play.
- Functionalism significantly influenced various modern fields including:
- Educational psychology
- Evolutionary psychology
- Industrial/organizational psychology
Gestalt Psychology
- Known as "good figure" psychology, it emphasizes holistic processing of perception.
- Founded by Max Wertheimer, who studied sensation and perception.
- Gestalt principles are integrated into cognitive psychology, focusing on perception and mental processes.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of psychology, including the definition and scope of the discipline. Explore both behavior and mental processes and how they are studied scientifically. Perfect for students beginning their journey in psychology.
