Introduction to Psychology Basics
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Questions and Answers

Psychology is solely concerned with the biological influences on behavior.

False

Health Psychology is part of the Population Health and Healthcare Delivery vertical theme in the RCSI curriculum.

True

Psychology only studies mental health issues and ignores the importance of physical health.

False

The definition of psychology includes the study of child development.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lecturer for the Introduction to Health Psychology course is Ms. Sarah Mendez.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology and Psychiatry are the same.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychotherapy is a process of treatment carried out only by psychologists.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human memory works like a video recording.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most people use only 10% of their brain capacity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behavior change is a major defense against COVID-19.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology is important in healthcare due to its relevance to understanding mental processes.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans show that the majority of the brain is inactive during tasks.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eyewitness testimony is consistently reliable.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Short-term memory can hold a limited amount of information.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Addiction to nicotine can be easily distinguished from a habit of smoking.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social drinking can be categorized the same as alcohol addiction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stress management is a topic covered in Health Psychology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive aging is a concept not included in developmental lifespan studies.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Illness attributions and beliefs are irrelevant in health psychology.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resilience is considered a vital skill in personal development.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lifestyle medicine is not part of the core curriculum in health education.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The six pillars of lifestyle medicine include physical activity and sleep.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fixed mindset views abilities as incremental.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A growth mindset encourages individuals to avoid challenges.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feedback is seen as criticism in a growth mindset.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mistakes are seen as opportunities for improvement in a growth mindset.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The most productive classrooms are those where students avoid risks.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol and drugs are one of the six pillars of lifestyle medicine.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The growth mindset identifies that abilities can be changed with effort.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The topics covered in the first year of Health Psychology include only addiction and stress management.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Memory and learning are significant topics in Health Psychology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social drinking can be easily classified as alcohol addiction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Illness attributions and beliefs are critical in understanding patient behaviors in health psychology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Growth mindset promotes the idea that abilities are fixed and cannot be developed.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive aging is an aspect covered in the developmental lifespan studies.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lifestyle medicine focuses solely on physical activity and does not include other aspects like sleep and nutrition.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resilience is considered a non-essential skill in health psychology.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology focuses solely on the study of mental health.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eyewitness testimony is often considered highly reliable.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychotherapists are limited to psychologists only.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans demonstrate that most people use only 10% of their brain capacity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Human memory is affected by expectations and biases.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behaviour change is insignificant in the context of public health.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alzheimer's Disease patients use more than 10% of their brain capacity.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology and psychiatry refer to the same field of study.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The six pillars of lifestyle medicine include stress management and nutrition.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A growth mindset is characterized by the belief that abilities are fixed and unchangeable.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive education fosters resilience and a growth mindset.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a fixed mindset, individuals are encouraged to embrace challenges and learn from their mistakes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feedback is perceived as advice in a fixed mindset.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The belief that mistakes are opportunities for improvement is an aspect of a growth mindset.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The curriculum at RCSI includes a focus on lifestyle medicine as one of the main components.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Complex problem-solving is discouraged in the most productive educational environments.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology exclusively focuses on the study of mental disorders and excludes human behavior.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Understanding social context is an essential part of psychology as it influences behavior.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health psychology is primarily concerned with physical health and neglects mental processes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The field of psychology only includes neuroscience and does not consider child development.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resilience training is a part of the Personal & Professional Identity vertical theme in the curriculum.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology encompasses both biological influences and social context in understanding behavior.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health Psychology is exclusively focused on mental health issues and does not consider physical health.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The understanding of behavior is a central focus of psychology across various settings.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Retirement does not influence psychological wellbeing in older adults according to health psychology principles.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behavior change is recognized as an essential component in public health initiatives according to Health Psychology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology and psychotherapy are interchangeable terms referring to the same fields.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) scans reveal that most brain functions remain inactive during complex tasks.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Memory operates like a video recording, capturing events exactly as they occur.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Most individuals utilize 100% of their brain capacity at all times.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology's focus on mental processes is irrelevant to the understanding of physical health.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Eyewitness testimony has been proven to be reliable across various contexts.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Behavior change is a minor aspect of public health messaging, especially during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychology and psychiatry are distinct fields with differing approaches to mental health.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol addiction can be easily mistaken for a social drinking habit.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Addiction to nicotine is universally recognized as a harmful habit.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Illness attributions and beliefs play a vital role in how patients engage with healthcare.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of resilience is considered irrelevant in health psychology.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Memory and learning are not recognized topics in Health Psychology.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive aging is an essential element within lifespan development studies.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The six pillars of lifestyle medicine exclude elements such as stress management.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Growth mindset is characterized by seeing abilities as fixed traits.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The six pillars of lifestyle medicine consist of physical activity, sleep, stress management, smoking cessation, nutrition, and acupuncture.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A defining feature of a fixed mindset is the belief that abilities can be developed through effort and learning.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phrase 'I can’t do this YET' exemplifies the perspective of a growth mindset.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive education does not incorporate elements of resilience.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

In productive classrooms, students should avoid taking risks to enhance learning outcomes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Feedback is generally considered as advice in a fixed mindset.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The focus of lifestyle medicine is exclusively on physical health without regard to psychological factors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mistakes are viewed positively in a growth mindset as they are considered as opportunities for learning.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Defining Psychology

  • Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
  • It encompasses all aspects of the human experience, from brain function to child development and care for the elderly.
  • Its central focus is the understanding of behavior.
  • Psychology considers biological, social, and environmental factors influencing behavior.

Common Myths About Psychology

  • Psychology and Psychiatry are not the same:
    • Psychiatry is a medical specialty specializing in mental health, including medication prescription.
    • Psychology is a behavioral science focusing on mental processes and behavior in various settings.
  • Psychology and Psychotherapy are not the same:
    • Psychotherapy is a treatment process conducted by trained professionals like psychiatrists and psychologists.
    • Psychology is a study, not a treatment.
  • Human memory isn't like a video recording:
    • Memory is influenced by factors like expectations, biases, and contemporaneous events.
    • Eyewitness testimony is considered unreliable.
  • The "10% brain capacity" myth is untrue:
    • fMRI scans demonstrate that even simple tasks activate most of the brain.
    • Individuals with neurodegenerative conditions utilize more than 10% of their brain capacity.

Why Psychology Is Important in Healthcare

  • The relationship between medicine and behavior is crucial.
  • Behavior change is essential for disease prevention and management.
  • Health psychology tackles questions such as:
    • Information retention in short-term memory.
    • Adherence to medication regimes.
    • Identifying addiction versus habit.
    • Effective approaches for quitting habits.
    • Understanding factors influencing pain, stress, and aging.

Important Topics Covered in Year One of Health Psychology

  • Memory and learning
  • Pain management
  • Lifestyle medicine
  • Stress management
  • Psychology of aging, including positive aging
  • Illness attributions and beliefs
  • Adherence to treatment
  • Smoking cessation
  • Personality and health
  • Risk perception

Learning Materials

  • Textbooks:
    • Morrison V., Bennett P. An Introduction to Health Psychology. 4th edition. Essex: Pearson Education Ltd., 2016.
    • vanTeijlingen E, Humphris G. Psychology and Sociology Applied to Medicine. 4th edition. UK: Elsevier Ltd., 2019.
  • Moodle:
    • Lecture PowerPoint presentations.
    • Readings and electronic links.

Developments in RCSI Relevant to Health Psychology

  • Positive Education:
    • Focus on personal and professional identity (PPId), resilience, and lifestyle medicine.
  • Growth Mindset:
    • Emphasizes understanding and learning from mistakes.
    • Fosters a culture of improvement through practice and effort.
  • Lifestyle Medicine:
    • Embedded in the curriculum.
    • Available as a student choice topic.

Six Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine

  • Physical activity
  • Sleep
  • Stress management
  • Smoking cessation
  • Alcohol and drug use
  • Nutrition

Fixed vs. Growth Mindset

  • Fixed Mindset:
    • Believes abilities are innate and unchangeable.
    • Avoids challenges and hides mistakes.
    • Focuses on proving oneself.
    • Interprets feedback as criticism.
  • Growth Mindset:
    • Believes abilities can be developed and improved.
    • Embraces challenges and seeks to improve.
    • Views mistakes as opportunities for learning.
    • Interprets feedback as advice for growth.

Key Takeaways:

  • Mistakes are learning opportunities, not failures.
  • Productive learning environments encourage risk-taking, effort, and persistence.
  • Growth mindset promotes continuous improvement and personal development.

Definition of Psychology

  • Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
  • It encompasses all aspects of the human experience.
  • Psychology focuses on understanding behavior in various settings.
  • It considers biological, social, and environmental factors influencing behavior.

Health Psychology

  • Health psychology sits within the population health and healthcare delivery vertical theme at RCSI, alongside public health and epidemiology.
  • Health psychology is related to the personal and professional identity vertical, emphasizing teamwork and resilience training.

Common Myths about Psychology

  • Psychology and Psychiatry are not the same.
  • Psychology focuses on the study of mental processes and behavior in various settings (not just mental health), while Psychiatry is a medical specialty concentrating on mental health and wellness, including medication prescription.
  • Psychotherapy is a process of treatment by trained professionals, including psychiatrists and psychologists.

Why Study Health Psychology

  • Health psychology bridges the gap between medicine and behavior.
  • Behaviors play a significant role in public health, such as combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Understanding behavior is crucial in healthcare, addressing challenges like adherence to medication and understanding addiction.

Key Areas of Health Psychology

  • Memory and Learning
  • Pain
  • Lifestyle Medicine
  • Stress Management
  • Psychology of Aging
  • Illness Attributions and Beliefs
  • Adherence
  • Smoking
  • Personality and Health
  • Risk Perception

RCSI Initiatives

  • RCSI integrates positive education principles, including resilience, lifestyle medicine, and growth mindset, into the curriculum.
  • RCSI emphasizes the importance of a growth mindset, promoting continuous learning and development.

Lifestyle Medicine

  • Lifestyle medicine focuses on six pillars:
    • Physical activity
    • Sleep
    • Stress Management
    • Smoking cessation
    • Alcohol and Drugs
    • Nutrition

Fixed vs Growth Mindset

  • Fixed Mindset:
    • Abilities are innate.
    • Avoids challenges.
    • Focuses on proving ability.
    • Hides mistakes.
    • Uses excuses for failures.
    • Views feedback as criticism.
  • Growth Mindset:
    • Abilities are incremental.
    • Seeks challenges.
    • Focuses on improving.
    • Examines mistakes.
    • Views failures as opportunities.
    • Views feedback as advice.

Growth Mindset Benefits

  • A growth mindset encourages continuous learning and emphasizes the benefits of making mistakes.
  • Learning from mistakes is crucial for growth and development.

Defining Psychology

  • Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
  • It explores every aspect of human experience, from brain function to child development and geriatrics.
  • Psychology aims to understand behavior, encompassing biological, social, and contextual factors.

Health Psychology in the RCSI Curriculum

  • Health Psychology is part of the Population Health and Healthcare Delivery (PHHD) theme at RCSI.
  • It's also connected to the Personal & Professional Identity (PPId) vertical theme.

Common Myths About Psychology

  • Psychiatry and Psychology are distinct fields.
    • Psychiatry is a medical specialty focused on mental health and wellness, including medication prescription.
    • Psychology is a behavioral science that studies mental processes (thinking, planning, reasoning, etc.) and behavior in various settings.
  • Psychotherapy and Psychology are different.
    • Psychotherapy is a treatment process conducted by trained professionals (including psychiatrists and psychologists).

Why Study Health Psychology?

  • Understanding the medicine-behavior relationship is crucial.
  • Health Psychology addresses questions relevant to healthcare, like memory and learning, pain management, and lifestyle medicine.
  • It explores topics like illness attributions, beliefs, adherence, smoking, and personality's influence on health.

Key Learning Materials

  • Books:
    • Morrison V., Bennett P. An Introduction to Health Psychology. 4th edition. Essex: Pearson Education Ltd., 2016.
    • vanTeijlingen E, Humphris G. Psychology and Sociology Applied to Medicine. 4th edition. UK: Elsevier Ltd., 2019.
  • Online:
    • Moodle: lecture power-point presentation and links/sources.
    • James JE.The health of populations: Beyond Medicine.UK, Elsevier, 2016.

Developments in RCSI

  • Positive Education:
    • PPId
    • Resilience
    • Lifestyle Medicine
  • Growth Mindset:
    • This concept emphasizes that abilities are incremental, not innate.
  • Resilience:
    • The University of Pennsylvania Positive Psychology Centre focuses on resilience.
  • Lifestyle Medicine:
    • Dr. Beth Frates, Harvard Medical School, has integrated Lifestyle Medicine into the RCSI curriculum.
    • Lifestyle Medicine is also available as a Student Choice topic.
  • 6 Pillars of Lifestyle Medicine:
    • Physical Activity
    • Sleep
    • Stress Management
    • Smoking Cessation
    • Alcohol and Drugs
    • Nutrition

Mindset

  • Carol Dweck identified two mindsets:
    • Fixed Mindset: Ability is innate, avoiding challenges, focusing on proving oneself, hiding mistakes.
    • Growth Mindset: Ability is incremental, seeking challenges, focusing on improvement, examining mistakes.
  • The Growth Mindset:
    • Emphasizes that mistakes are opportunities for learning.
    • Encourages working on complex problems and taking risks.
  • Mistakes are not good, but learning from mistakes is good.

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Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of psychology, including definitions, key distinctions from related fields, and common myths. Understand how psychology studies the mind and behavior, and explore the various influences on human actions. Perfect for anyone looking to grasp the essentials of this intriguing science.

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