Introduction to Psychology - Chapter 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes, encompassing not just what people do but also their biological activities, feelings, perceptions, memory, reasoning, and thoughts.

Behavioral genetics studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior.

Behavioral neuroscience examines the biological basis of behavior.

<p>The study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unites the areas of biopsychology and clinical psychology, focusing on the relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of higher mental processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Educational, social, and career adjustment problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Teaching and learning processes, such as the relationship between motivation and school performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between people and their physical environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The psychology of the workplace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The consistency in people's behavior over time and traits that differentiate one person from another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessing large-scale programs to determine their effectiveness in meeting goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Athletic activity and exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wundt's approach which focuses on uncovering the fundamental components of consciousness, thinking, and other types of mental states and activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A procedure to study the structure of the mind where subjects describe in detail what they are experiencing when exposed to a stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An early approach to psychology that concentrated on what the mind does - the functions of mental activity - and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>View behavior from the perspective of biological functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces over which a person has little control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Observable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How people understand and think about the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People can control their behavior and that they naturally try to reach their full potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neuroscience, Psychodynamic, Behavioral, Cognitive, Humanistic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nature, Unconscious, Internal Emphasis, Determinism, Universal Emphasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nature, Unconscious, Internal Emphasis, Determinism, Universal Emphasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nature, Conscious, Observable Emphasis, Determinism, Individual Differences and Universal Principles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nature and Nurture, Conscious and Unconscious, Internal Emphasis, Free Will, Individual Emphasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nurture, Conscious, Internal Emphasis, Free Will, Individual Emphasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm Wundt laid the foundation of psychology in 1879, when he opened his lab in Germany.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The approach used by psychologists to systematically acquire knowledge and increase understanding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An investigator simply observes some naturally occurring behavior and does not change the situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change or vary in some way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variable that is manipulated by an experimenter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The variable that is measured and is expected to change based on manipulation of the independent variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offers insight into the relationship between variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannot determine causality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ease of data collection because the data already exists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dependent on the availability of data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides a sample of people in their natural environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannot control the 'natural habitat' being observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A small sample can be used to infer attitudes and behavior of a larger population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sample may not be representative of the larger population; participants may not provide accurate responses to survey questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides a thorough, in-depth understanding of participants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Results may not be generalizable beyond the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research that is repeated, sometimes using other procedures, settings, and groups of participants, to increase confidence in prior findings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A document signed by participants affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Factors that distort how the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A false treatment, such as a pill or 'drug,' or other substance without any significant chemical properties or active ingredient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both heritable variation and differential reproductive success.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inductive reasoning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In establishing a test of a hypothesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some conceivable observation could prove the hypothesis incorrect.</p> Signup and view all the answers