Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the Foot-in-the-Door technique in persuasion?
What is the Foot-in-the-Door technique in persuasion?
- Starting with a large request followed by a smaller one.
- Using emotional appeals to persuade others.
- Requesting a small favor to gain agreement for a larger favor. (correct)
- Offering rewards to influence decision-making.
Which psychologist is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory?
Which psychologist is credited with establishing the first psychology laboratory?
- Wilhelm Wundt (correct)
- Sigmund Freud
- Carl Rogers
- B.F. Skinner
How does psychology function as a natural science?
How does psychology function as a natural science?
- By avoiding empirical data collection in favor of theoretical concepts.
- Through the application of the scientific method to test hypotheses. (correct)
- By solely focusing on societal influences on behavior.
- By emphasizing qualitative research over quantitative analysis.
What is the primary reason individuals may not assist in emergencies, as illustrated by the diffusion of responsibility?
What is the primary reason individuals may not assist in emergencies, as illustrated by the diffusion of responsibility?
In what context does psychology study human behavior as a social science?
In what context does psychology study human behavior as a social science?
What is the primary focus of psychology as defined in modern terms?
What is the primary focus of psychology as defined in modern terms?
Which of the following best describes overt behavior?
Which of the following best describes overt behavior?
When was the first psychology laboratory established and by whom?
When was the first psychology laboratory established and by whom?
What are the core elements of psychology as mentioned in the overview?
What are the core elements of psychology as mentioned in the overview?
What is meant by the term 'diffusion of responsibility' in psychology?
What is meant by the term 'diffusion of responsibility' in psychology?
How does psychology use the scientific method in its studies?
How does psychology use the scientific method in its studies?
What distinguishes covert behavior from overt behavior?
What distinguishes covert behavior from overt behavior?
Which of the following best describes social loafing in psychology?
Which of the following best describes social loafing in psychology?
Flashcards
Diffusion of Responsibility
Diffusion of Responsibility
In an emergency, individuals may be less likely to help if they think others will take action.
Foot-in-the-Door Technique
Foot-in-the-Door Technique
A persuasion technique where you start with a small request to increase the likelihood of someone agreeing to a larger request later.
Door-in-the-Face Technique
Door-in-the-Face Technique
A persuasion technique where you ask for something big first, knowing it will likely be rejected. Then, you ask for something smaller, which seems more reasonable in comparison.
Psychology as a Social Science
Psychology as a Social Science
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Psychology as a Natural Science
Psychology as a Natural Science
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Psychology
Psychology
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Covert Behavior
Covert Behavior
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Mental Processes
Mental Processes
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Overt Behavior
Overt Behavior
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Social Loafing
Social Loafing
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Hypothesis
Hypothesis
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Scientific Method
Scientific Method
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Experience
Experience
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Study Notes
Defining Psychology
- Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and experiences.
- It explores how humans think, feel, and act.
- Modern psychology focuses on behavior and mental processes.
- It examines how humans think, decide, behave, and experience emotions.
Core Elements
- Psychology focuses on three key aspects:
- Mental Processes: Activities like thinking (reasoning, imagining), problem-solving, remembering, decision-making.
- Behavior: Observable actions (overt behavior: talking, running) and internal activities (covert behavior: nervousness, thoughts).
- Experience: Subjective and differs between individuals (e.g., a rainy day can be joyful or gloomy).
Evolution of Psychology
- Psychology began as a philosophical inquiry, evolving into a formal science.
- Early psychology focused on the study of the soul and mind.
- In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory in Germany.
- Psychology became a scientific discipline using the scientific method.
Scientific Basis
- Psychology uses the scientific method, which involves:
- Formulating a hypothesis (an assumption to be tested).
- Conducting research to test the hypothesis.
- Drawing conclusions based on the evidence.
Types of Behavior
- Behavior is categorized into two types:
- Overt Behavior: Observable actions (e.g., smiling, speaking, walking).
- Covert Behavior: Internal activities not easily observed (e.g., nervousness, self-doubt, thoughts).
Social Behavior and Influence
- Psychology explores social interactions and group dynamics.
- Key phenomena include:
- Social Loafing: Reduced effort in group tasks compared to individual tasks.
- Diffusion of Responsibility: Individuals may not help in emergencies if they believe others will act.
- Persuasion Techniques:
- Foot-in-the-Door: Starting with a small request to increase compliance for a larger one.
- Door-in-the-Face: Making a large initial request, followed by a smaller, more reasonable request.
Psychology as a Science
- Psychology is both a social and natural science:
- Social Science: Studies human behavior within social contexts (e.g., family, friends, communities).
- Natural Science: Utilizes the scientific method to understand biological and physiological influences on behavior.
Key Contributions
- Wilhelm Wundt (1879): Established the first psychology lab, introducing experimental methods.
- Modern psychologists continue to use scientific models (like the hypothetico-deductive method) for research.
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