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Questions and Answers
A researcher aims to understand how peer pressure influences decision-making in adolescents. Which subfield of psychology is MOST relevant to this study?
A researcher aims to understand how peer pressure influences decision-making in adolescents. Which subfield of psychology is MOST relevant to this study?
- Personality psychology
- Developmental psychology
- Cognitive psychology
- Social psychology (correct)
A therapist is working with a client who has difficulty regulating their emotions. They explore patterns in the client's early childhood experiences. Which theoretical approach is the therapist MOST likely using?
A therapist is working with a client who has difficulty regulating their emotions. They explore patterns in the client's early childhood experiences. Which theoretical approach is the therapist MOST likely using?
- Cognitive psychology
- Humanistic psychology
- Psychodynamic psychology (correct)
- Behaviorism
A school psychologist observes a child's behavior in the classroom to understand the root cause of that student's academic struggles. Which research method is being used?
A school psychologist observes a child's behavior in the classroom to understand the root cause of that student's academic struggles. Which research method is being used?
- Observational study (correct)
- Case study
- Experiment
- Survey
A researcher investigates the relationship between hours of sleep and exam performance. If they find a statistically significant correlation, what can they conclude?
A researcher investigates the relationship between hours of sleep and exam performance. If they find a statistically significant correlation, what can they conclude?
A company wants to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Which subfield of psychology would be MOST helpful in achieving this goal?
A company wants to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Which subfield of psychology would be MOST helpful in achieving this goal?
Wilhelm Wundt's approach to studying the mind, which involved breaking down mental processes into their basic components through introspection, is known as what?
Wilhelm Wundt's approach to studying the mind, which involved breaking down mental processes into their basic components through introspection, is known as what?
Which theoretical approach emphasizes the importance of personal growth and an individual's potential for self-actualization?
Which theoretical approach emphasizes the importance of personal growth and an individual's potential for self-actualization?
Which subfield of psychology is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders?
Which subfield of psychology is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mental disorders?
A psychologist studies how children's moral reasoning changes from early childhood to adolescence. Which subfield of psychology does this research fall under?
A psychologist studies how children's moral reasoning changes from early childhood to adolescence. Which subfield of psychology does this research fall under?
A researcher manipulates the amount of light in a room and measures its effect on participants' mood. Which research method is being used?
A researcher manipulates the amount of light in a room and measures its effect on participants' mood. Which research method is being used?
A forensic psychologist is asked to evaluate the competency of a defendant to stand trial. Which aspect of psychology is being applied in this scenario?
A forensic psychologist is asked to evaluate the competency of a defendant to stand trial. Which aspect of psychology is being applied in this scenario?
Which school of thought, prominent in the early 20th century, emphasized the study of observable actions rather than internal mental states?
Which school of thought, prominent in the early 20th century, emphasized the study of observable actions rather than internal mental states?
Which perspective asserts that psychological traits and behaviors have evolved through natural selection to increase survival and reproductive success?
Which perspective asserts that psychological traits and behaviors have evolved through natural selection to increase survival and reproductive success?
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
What is the primary focus of cognitive psychology?
Which type of study would be MOST suitable for understanding the lived experiences of individuals with a rare psychological disorder?
Which type of study would be MOST suitable for understanding the lived experiences of individuals with a rare psychological disorder?
What is a key difference between counseling psychology and clinical psychology?
What is a key difference between counseling psychology and clinical psychology?
A researcher is investigating the effectiveness of a new reading intervention program in elementary schools. Which subfield of psychology is this research MOST closely related to?
A researcher is investigating the effectiveness of a new reading intervention program in elementary schools. Which subfield of psychology is this research MOST closely related to?
If a psychologist is studying how cultural norms and values influence behavior, what is their area of focus?
If a psychologist is studying how cultural norms and values influence behavior, what is their area of focus?
What does health psychology primarily focus on?
What does health psychology primarily focus on?
What is the focus of comparative psychology?
What is the focus of comparative psychology?
Flashcards
What is psychology?
What is psychology?
The scientific study of the mind and behavior, including biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors.
Abnormal psychology
Abnormal psychology
Studies unusual patterns of behavior, emotion, and thought.
Behavioral psychology
Behavioral psychology
Examines actions based on environmental stimuli.
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology
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Comparative psychology
Comparative psychology
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Counseling psychology
Counseling psychology
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Cross-cultural psychology
Cross-cultural psychology
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Developmental psychology
Developmental psychology
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Educational psychology
Educational psychology
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Evolutionary psychology
Evolutionary psychology
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Forensic psychology
Forensic psychology
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Health psychology
Health psychology
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Industrial and organizational psychology
Industrial and organizational psychology
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Personality psychology
Personality psychology
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School psychology
School psychology
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Social psychology
Social psychology
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Biological psychology
Biological psychology
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Behaviorism
Behaviorism
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Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology
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Psychodynamic psychology
Psychodynamic psychology
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Study Notes
- Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior.
- It encompasses the biological influences, social pressures, and environmental factors that affect people.
- Involves studying conscious and unconscious phenomena, including feelings and thoughts.
- It is an academic discipline and an applied science.
Subfields of Psychology
- Abnormal psychology studies unusual patterns of behaviour, emotion and thought.
- Behavioural psychology approaches psychology by examining actions based on environmental stimuli.
- Cognitive psychology investigates internal mental processes, such as problem solving, memory, learning, and language.
- Comparative psychology is the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals.
- Counseling psychology helps people to cope with situational and developmental problems.
- Cross-cultural psychology examines how cultural factors influence human behaviour.
- Developmental psychology studies the psychological development of the human being throughout their life.
- Educational psychology studies how people learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations.
- Evolutionary psychology examines psychological traits as adaptations.
- Forensic psychology involves applying psychology to legal issues.
- Health psychology focuses on how psychological, biological, and social factors affect health and illness.
- Industrial and organizational psychology applies psychological principles to the workplace.
- Personality psychology studies consistent patterns of thought, feeling, and behavior.
- School psychology is a field that works within the educational system to help children with emotional, social, and academic issues.
- Social psychology uses scientific methods to understand and explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings.
Theoretical Approaches
- Biological psychology studies the neural, hormonal and genetic bases of behavior.
- Behaviorism posits environment shapes behavior and thoughts through learning.
- Cognitive psychology focuses on mental processes such as memory, perception, and problem-solving.
- Psychodynamic psychology emphasizes unconscious psychological processes (for example, wishes and fears of which we're not fully aware), and contends that childhood experiences are crucial in shaping adult personality.
- Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth, self-actualization, and the positive potential of individuals.
Research Methods in Psychology
- Experiments involve manipulating one or more variables to determine the effect on some outcome.
- Observational studies watch and record behavior in a natural setting.
- Surveys collect data through questionnaires.
- Case studies involve in-depth analysis of a single individual or group.
- Correlational studies examine the relationships between two or more variables, but do not prove causation.
Key Concepts in Psychology
- Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
- Cognition includes thought processes like memory, attention, and problem-solving.
- Emotion involves subjective feelings, physiological responses, and expressive behavior.
- Motivation is what drives behavior.
- Development refers to changes that occur over the lifespan.
- Personality is the individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
- Social behavior is how individuals interact with each other.
- Mental health is a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
History of Psychology
- Structuralism (Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener) which utilized introspection to study the elements of the mind.
- Functionalism (William James) which focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior.
- Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) emphasized the role of the unconscious.
- Behaviorism (John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner) which focused on observable behavior.
- Humanistic psychology (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers) focused on the importance of self-actualization.
- Cognitive revolution (Ulric Neisser) which marked a shift back to the study of mental processes.
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