Introduction to Psychological Theories and Phenomena
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Questions and Answers

What is one of the purposes of theories according to the text?

  • To organize known phenomena (correct)
  • To predict outcomes in new situations
  • To generate new research
  • To identify unexplored areas

Which principle do scientists generally follow when it comes to theories, as mentioned in the text?

  • Parsimony (correct)
  • Complexity
  • Expansion
  • Diversity

What does theory help with according to the text?

  • Analyzing historical data
  • Predicting facts (correct)
  • Developing new theories
  • Creating new data

Why is it important for theories to be parsimonious according to the text?

<p>To organize phenomena efficiently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what field might treatment decisions be guided by theories according to the text?

<p>Gymnastics coaching (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What helps to organize and make sense of contradictory results according to the text?

<p>Parsimony of theories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a theory from just an idea?

<p>Being extensively tested and well-supported (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the text, what does a model refer to?

<p>A precise explanation of a specific phenomenon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biological perspective in the context of explaining phenomena?

<p>Explaining phenomena in terms of genetics or nervous and endocrine system structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the theory of evolution considered a theory?

<p>Because it is an explanation of the diversity of life on earth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of theory in research studies?

<p>To provide explanation, understanding, and meaningfulness to research (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way that scientific researchers use theories?

<p>The hypothetical-deductive method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a perspective differ from a theory?

<p>A perspective is more general than a theory in explaining phenomena. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypothesis in scientific research?

<p>A prediction based on a theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'typologies' refer to in psychology?

<p>A way to label individuals based on their behavior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do researchers evaluate and revise theories in light of new results?

<p>By reevaluating and revising the theory if necessary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves making a prediction based on a theory and then testing it empirically?

<p>Deductive reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are hypotheses related to theories according to the text?

<p>Hypotheses always have a predictive relationship with theories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to know about existing theories in research?

<p>To understand the complementary or competing theories (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a misconception about incorporating theory into research?

<p>Only one theory should be considered at a time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of incorporating theory into research?

<p>Testing hypotheses without considering any theories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first basic way to incorporate theory into research?

<p>Raise a research question, conduct a new study, and offer theories to explain the results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the formality dimension in psychology refer to?

<p>The extent to which the components and relationships in a theory are clearly specified (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second basic way to incorporate theory into research?

<p>Describe existing theories, derive a hypothesis, test it in a new study, and reevaluate the theory (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the scope dimension of theories in psychology focus on?

<p>The number and diversity of phenomena a theory explains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theory is an example of a formal theory based on the text?

<p>Rescorla-Wagner model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with broad application of theories to diverse aspects like slips of the tongue, dreaming, art, politics, and civilization?

<p>Freud (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which theoretical approach features an equation describing changes in the association between stimuli in classical conditioning?

<p>Rescorla-Wagner model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes formal theories from informal theories according to the text?

<p>Clear specification of components and relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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