35 Questions
Which theory emphasizes that learning comes from empirical observation and experience?
Empiricism
Who proposed the theory of structuralism, which suggests that sensations of independent elements make up consciousness?
Wilhelm Wundt
Which theory focuses on the purpose of thought and why we think the way we do?
Functionalism
Which theory suggests that biochemical events are the only cause of mental events, such as thoughts and feelings?
Epiphenominalism
Who proposed the theory of interactionalism, which suggests that the mind and body are distinct but interact to cause events within one another?
Watson
Who proposed the theory of functionalism, which explores the purpose of thought and why we think the way we do?
William James
Which theory focuses on the objective study of behavior and the goal of controlling behavior?
Behaviorism
Which model of mind explores the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system, using the example of the sea slug memory experiment?
Psychophysiological Model of Mind
Which model of mind suggests that all behavior comes from trying to solve drives and reflexes, and is influenced by motivation and desires from tension and conflict?
Psychodynamic Model of Mind
Which theory is associated with Freud's theory of unconscious meaning to behavior?
Psychoanalysis
Which part of the mind is associated with reason and self-control?
Ego
Which model of mind suggests that humans simply react to conditioning and there is no concept of good or evil?
Behaviorist Model of Mind
Which theory suggests that the mind and body are distinct but interact to cause events within one another?
Interactionalism
Who proposed the theory of structuralism, which suggests that sensations of independent elements make up consciousness?
Wilhelm Wundt
Which theory focuses on the purpose of thought and why we think the way we do?
Functionalism
What is the main focus of the behaviorist model of mind?
The main focus of the behaviorist model of mind is on environmental factors and conditions leading to a response.
What is the main difference between the psychophysiological model of mind and the behaviorist model of mind?
The main difference is that the psychophysiological model explores the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system, while the behaviorist model focuses on environmental factors and conditioning.
Who is associated with the theory of functionalism?
William James is associated with the theory of functionalism.
What is the main difference between the psychodynamic model of mind and the psychophysiological model of mind?
The main difference is that the psychodynamic model suggests that all behavior comes from trying to solve drives and reflexes, while the psychophysiological model explores the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system.
What are the main principles of behaviorism?
The main principles of behaviorism are that learning comes from empirical observation and experience, behavior is influenced by environmental factors and conditioning, and there is no concept of good or evil.
Who proposed the theory of introspection, which involves looking into oneself and understanding one's feelings and mental states?
Wilhelm Wundt proposed the theory of introspection.
Which stage of sleep is characterized by physically and mentally relaxed brain activity?
Stage 1
Which type of brain waves are associated with active thinking?
Beta waves
Which stage of sleep is crucial for rest and is characterized by deep sleep?
Stage 3/4
Which stage of sleep is characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes, and helps with memory consolidation?
NREM sleep
Which sleep function involves the restoration of the body, growth and cellular repair, and the rebuilding of brain proteins?
Physical restoration
What sleep disorder is characterized by falling asleep uncontrollably?
Narcolepsy
What is the term for the phenomenon where participants change their behavior when they are aware of being observed?
Hawthorne effect
What are the functions of Slow Wave sleep? Provide two examples of these functions.
The functions of Slow Wave sleep include memory consolidation and physical restoration.
What is the Global workspace hypothesis? Explain how it relates to consciousness.
The Global workspace hypothesis suggests that consciousness requires information processed from nonconscious parts of the brain, which is then broadcasted to other parts of the brain. This allows for a unified and integrated experience of consciousness.
Describe the concept of Ockham's razor and its limitations.
Ockham's razor states that the simplest explanation for a phenomenon is the best. However, this approach has limitations as it cannot explain inconsistencies and behaviors that may be unpredictable.
Explain the concept of the Hawthorne effect and provide an example of its application.
The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where being observed causes participants to change their behavior. For example, in an experiment observing the efficiency of office workers, the workers may improve their performance due to the awareness of being observed.
What are the different types of brain waves and what mental states are associated with each?
Alpha waves: Physically and Mentally relaxed, Beta waves: Active thinking, Theta waves: NREM (light sleep), daydreams, creativity, insight, Delta waves: REM, slow wave sleep
What are the different stages of sleep and what are their characteristics?
Sleep stage 1: light sleep (5-10m/cycle) - A/T waves & hallucinations, Sleep stage 2: bursts of sleep spindles (10-30m/cycle) - K-complexes (65% of sleep), Sleep stage 3/4: Deep sleep (15-30m/cycle) - Slow wave sleep (crucial for rest) - 25% of sleep, Sleep stage 5: Extremely deep sleep (10-20m/cycle) - brain activity like being awake (vivid dreams)
What is REM sleep and what is its function?
REM sleep is the stage of sleep characterized by dreaming. It is also known as Rapid Eye Movement sleep. Its function is to facilitate cognitive processes, emotional regulation, and memory consolidation.
Study Notes
Learning Theories
- Empiricism: Emphasizes that learning comes from empirical observation and experience.
- Structuralism: Proposed by Wilhelm Wundt, suggests that sensations of independent elements make up consciousness.
Models of Mind
- Functionalism: Proposed by William James, explores the purpose of thought and why we think the way we do.
- Interactionalism: Proposed by René Descartes, suggests that the mind and body are distinct but interact to cause events within one another.
- Psychophysiological Model: Explores the relationship between behavior and structures in the nervous system, using the example of the sea slug memory experiment.
- Psychodynamic Model: Suggests that all behavior comes from trying to solve drives and reflexes, and is influenced by motivation and desires from tension and conflict. Associated with Freud's theory of unconscious meaning to behavior.
- Behaviorist Model: Focuses on the objective study of behavior and the goal of controlling behavior. Main focus is on observable behavior.
- Psychophysiological Model vs. Behaviorist Model: The main difference is that the psychophysiological model explores the physiological basis of behavior, whereas the behaviorist model focuses on observable behavior.
Sleep and Brain Waves
-
Brain Waves:
- Alpha Waves: Associated with relaxed, closed eyes.
- Beta Waves: Associated with active thinking.
- Delta Waves: Associated with deep sleep.
-
Stages of Sleep:
- Stage 1: Characterized by physically and mentally relaxed brain activity.
- Stage 2: Characterized by sleep spindles and K-complexes, helps with memory consolidation.
- Stage 3: Crucial for rest, characterized by deep sleep.
- REM Sleep: Function involves memory consolidation and learning.
Research Methods and Concepts
- Hawthorne Effect: When participants change their behavior when they are aware of being observed.
- Ockham's Razor: A principle that suggests choosing the explanation that requires the fewest assumptions.
- Global Workspace Hypothesis: Suggests that consciousness arises from the global workspace of the brain, which integrates information from various modules.
Other
- Introspection: Involves looking into oneself and understanding one's feelings and mental states. Proposed by Wilhelm Wundt.
- Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder characterized by falling asleep uncontrollably.
Test your knowledge of different theories in psychology such as empiricism, epiphenomenalism, interactionalism, and structuralism. Learn about how we gain knowledge through observation and experience, the relationship between mental events and biochemical events, the interaction between the mind and body, and Wilhelm Wundt's contributions to the field of psychology.
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