Introduction to Psychological Testing

<p>Fechner's Law (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wilhelm Wundt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A seminar attended by early prominent U.S. psychologists. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>James McKeen Cattell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He developed mathematical models for educational theories. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The introduction of standardized achievement tests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased coverage of content (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Overemphasis on language and verbal skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inclusion of a nonverbal scale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True-false and multiple-choice questions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allowed for larger sample standardization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their accuracy and utility were often criticized (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for linear relationships between measured units. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ratio scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They rank variables but do not measure distance between them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A measure where nothing of the property exists. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nominal scale (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They allow for both ranking and equal intervals without a true zero. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inaccurate inferences can be drawn from scores due to measurement inexactness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It identifies categories without inherent numerical value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rank of an individual's performance compared to a reference group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Score units are markedly unequal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum difficulty of the test is insufficient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By applying a linear transformation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has two or more values tied with the same maximum frequency. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a raw score that has been converted to a scale with a set mean and standard deviation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the average of the two middle values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A test taker scoring lower than the normative sample (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convey the mean of test scores compared to a normative group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How much dispersion or scatter exists in the data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average of the sum of squared deviations from the mean. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They reflect the original raw score distribution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard deviation is the square root of the variance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a standardized measure that is easier to interpret. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the dispersion of values around the mean in context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the total amount of variability in a score distribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard Ten (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They require the same normative distribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They measure knowledge against a standard. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test format (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To link test scores to actual performance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objective-referenced (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The progressive accumulation of cases across scores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rank against other test takers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Galton's 1869 book proposing that some individuals are naturally more 'fit' than others due to inherited traits.

Variability in characteristics like sensory function, reaction time, and motor skills among individuals.

A test designed to measure mental capacities, coined by James McKeen Cattell.

A branch of psychology that uses experiments to study mental processes and behavior.

A 19th-century mathematician who created mathematical models of the mind, influencing educational theories and practices.

The law showing sensation strength increases logarithmically with stimulus intensity.

Founder of experimental psychology, establishing a lab at the University of Leipzig in 1879.

Key psychological tests developed from a Carnegie Institute seminar, assessing vocational interests.

Tests with multiple-choice questions, standardized on a large group to compare results, easier to administer and score than essay tests.

An early intelligence test, initially criticized for focusing on verbal skills.

An intelligence test used during war to evaluate recruits.

An intelligence test developed by Wechsler, improved on older tests by including nonverbal components.

Early structured paper and pencil tests, including multiple choice and True/False questions to assess personality.

Tests using written responses, often considered less objective and reliable than standardized multiple-choice tests.

A redesigned Stanford-Binet test to improve its assessment. It introduced performance subtests.

Tests with clear, right or wrong answers, easier to score consistently and objectively.

A scale of measurement that only classifies items into categories without any order or numerical value. It's simply naming or describing things.

A scale of measurement that classifies and orders items according to their magnitude. The difference between ranks may not be equal.

A scale of measurement with equal intervals between values, but no true zero point. Differences between values can be compared.

A scale of measurement with equal intervals and a true zero point. Ratios between values are meaningful.

A property of a scale where the relationship between measured units and an outcome can be described by a straight line or linear equation.

The point on a scale where nothing of the property being measured exists.

A property of a scale where, if one thing is greater than another, then the relationships between them can be described by quantifiable values

Measurement in psychology must consider the limitations in the meaning of numbers and inferential analysis.

A distribution with two peaks, indicating two distinct groups within the data.

A distribution with more than two peaks, suggesting multiple distinct groups within the data.

The middle value in an ordered dataset; divides the data in half.

The amount of spread or dispersion in a set of data.

The average of the squared deviations from the mean, indicating the average variability.

A measure of the average spread of data points around the mean, in the same units as the data.

The total amount of variability in a score distribution.

Variability, along with measures of central tendency, helps us understand how a specific value fits within a distribution and provides a more complete picture of the data.

A standardized way to represent scores on a test, where each sten represents a range of scores and corresponds to a specific percentage of the population.

Tests that compare an individual's performance to a group of people (the norm group) who have already taken the test.

Tests that measure an individual's performance against a pre-defined standard or criterion.

A type of IQ score based on the standard deviation of IQ scores in a population.

How well a test measures what it claims to measure.

Variables outside the test itself that can affect a test taker's performance.

The specific area of knowledge or skill that a criterion-referenced test focuses on.

The ability to perform a task or skill successfully.

A score that indicates the percentage of individuals in a reference group who scored at or below a particular score on a test.

A score that reflects the number of correct responses a person gets out of the total possible number of correct responses on a test.

The highest score attainable on a standardized test, suggesting that the test's difficulty level is insufficient for those scoring at the top.

The lowest possible score on a standardized test, indicating that the test may not adequately measure the abilities of those scoring very low.

A transformed raw score that expresses a person's position relative to the mean in standard deviation units.

A transformed score from one scale to another with a specific mean and standard deviation, making it easier to interpret than raw scores.

A change in units of a score that preserves the relationship between the original raw scores and the transformed scores.

Converting raw scores to standard scores allows us to easily interpret a person's performance relative to others in a reference group, making comparisons more meaningful.