Introduction to Psychological Activity

Key Concepts of Activity

• Activity represents a dynamic interaction of individuals with their environment, encompassing both psychic (inner) and physical (outer) aspects.
• Activity is characterized by its outcome, which forms the individual's attitude towards the surrounding world.

Main Types of Activity in Psychology

• Play Activity

  • Serves as a reflection of an individual's perspective on reality.
  • Facilitates self-discovery and understanding of others through environmental engagement.
  • Evolves through various stages aligned with age and mental development:
    • Subject play: Interaction with objects and understanding their functions.
    • Role play: Assuming adult roles and engaging in simulated interactions; fosters social skills.
    • Playing by the rules: Adhering to specific game regulations, teaching discipline and order.
  • Play is essential for children’s development, providing foundational skills for future activities.

• Learning Activity

  • Focuses on acquiring knowledge, skills, and abilities, distinguished from play by its structured approach.
  • Typically includes tasks such as completing assignments, lesson preparation, and upholding discipline.
  • Develops responsibility and encompasses:
    • Assimilation of essential world properties for effective practical engagement (yielding knowledge).
    • Mastery of techniques and operations within various activities (leading to skill development).
    • Application of acquired information to make informed choices and wield control over actions (resulting in practical experience).

• Labor Activity

  • Directed towards creating both material and intangible values, fundamental to human development.
  • Involves transforming ideas, knowledge, and skills into tangible products or outcomes.

Structure of Activity

• Subject: The acting individual or entity (human, animal, group, or institution).
• Object: The focus of the activity, including nature, society, or human interactions.
• Goal: A deliberate vision of the desired outcome, guiding actions and decisions.
• Resources: Tools and materials available in the environment to aid in achieving goals, including:
  • Labor tools and materials
  • Technology, e-applications, and online resources
  • Educational materials such as books and lecture notes
  • Support from peers, teachers, and academic literature.

Action and Result

• Action: The interactive process between the subject and the object driving the activity.
• Result: The acquired knowledge and practical experience gained after completing the activity, contributing to the subject's growth and development.