Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
- Ribosomes that are not membrane-bound (correct)
- Presence of a nucleus
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Complex DNA structure
Which statement accurately describes the cell walls of Archaea and Bacteria?
Which statement accurately describes the cell walls of Archaea and Bacteria?
- Both have identical cell wall compositions.
- Both lack any form of a cell wall.
- Bacteria have peptidoglycan, whereas Archaea do not. (correct)
- Both have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
What role does the capsule play in bacterial cells?
What role does the capsule play in bacterial cells?
- It assists in cell division.
- It helps in protein synthesis.
- It aids in resisting desiccation and evading the immune system. (correct)
- It maintains the cell's internal pH.
Which of the following environments is primarily inhabited by Archaea?
Which of the following environments is primarily inhabited by Archaea?
How do Bacteria typically respond to antibiotics compared to Archaea?
How do Bacteria typically respond to antibiotics compared to Archaea?
What component of a bacterial cell serves as protection and structural support?
What component of a bacterial cell serves as protection and structural support?
Which of the following accurately describes the DNA in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following accurately describes the DNA in prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements about ribosomes in prokaryotes is true?
Which of the following statements about ribosomes in prokaryotes is true?
Flashcards
What are prokaryotes?
What are prokaryotes?
Organisms belonging to the Kingdom Monera, characterized by prokaryotic cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
What are similarities between Archaea and Bacteria?
What are similarities between Archaea and Bacteria?
Archaea and Bacteria are both prokaryotes, meaning they lack a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, and have ribosomes that aren't membrane-bound. They can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic and have cell walls.
What is a key difference in environments between Archaea and Bacteria?
What is a key difference in environments between Archaea and Bacteria?
Archaea thrive in extreme environments like hot springs or freezing temperatures, unlike Bacteria which prefer more moderate conditions.
How do the cell walls of Achaea and Bacteria differ?
How do the cell walls of Achaea and Bacteria differ?
Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, a tough molecule, while Archaeal cell walls don't. This structural difference is important.
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Why are antibiotics ineffective against Archaea?
Why are antibiotics ineffective against Archaea?
Antibiotics target specific structures in bacteria, like their peptidoglycan wall, so they are ineffective against Archaea.
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What is a bacterial capsule?
What is a bacterial capsule?
A protective layer surrounding a bacterial cell. It helps the cell resist drying, stick to surfaces, and evade the host's immune system.
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What is the cytoplasm in a bacterial cell?
What is the cytoplasm in a bacterial cell?
The region within a bacterial cell between the cell membrane and the cell wall.
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What are ribosomes in a bacterial cell?
What are ribosomes in a bacterial cell?
The site of protein synthesis in bacterial cells.
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Introduction to Prokaryotes
- Prokaryotes are organisms in the Kingdom Monera
- Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles
- DNA is scattered throughout the cytoplasm
Similarities Between Archaea and Bacteria
- Both lack membrane-bound organelles.
- Both lack a nucleus.
- Both have ribosomes that aren't membrane-bound.
- Both can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
- Both have cell walls.
- Cell walls provide structural support and protection, helping maintain shape and withstand water pressure changes.
Differences Between Archaea and Bacteria
- Environment: Archaea live in extreme environments (hot springs, cold temperatures). Bacteria live in non-extreme environments.
- Cell Wall Composition: Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan. Archaeal cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.
- Antibiotic Resistance: Antibiotics kill bacteria, but have no effect on archaea.
Structure and Function of Bacterial Cells
- Capsule: A protective outer layer that resists desiccation, helps adherence to surfaces, and evades the host's immune system.
- Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection.
- Cytoplasm: The region between the cell wall and the cell membrane.
- Ribosomes: Responsible for protein synthesis.
- Visual aids (diagrams, coloring sheets, lesson plans) are available for further understanding of bacterial cell structures and functions (page 363).
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