Introduction to Prokaryotes

What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Which statement accurately describes the cell walls of Archaea and Bacteria?

What role does the capsule play in bacterial cells?

Which of the following environments is primarily inhabited by Archaea?

How do Bacteria typically respond to antibiotics compared to Archaea?

What component of a bacterial cell serves as protection and structural support?

Which of the following accurately describes the DNA in prokaryotic cells?

Which of the following statements about ribosomes in prokaryotes is true?

Introduction to Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes are organisms in the Kingdom Monera
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles
DNA is scattered throughout the cytoplasm

Similarities Between Archaea and Bacteria

Both lack membrane-bound organelles.
Both lack a nucleus.
Both have ribosomes that aren't membrane-bound.
Both can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.
Both have cell walls.
Cell walls provide structural support and protection, helping maintain shape and withstand water pressure changes.

Differences Between Archaea and Bacteria

Environment: Archaea live in extreme environments (hot springs, cold temperatures). Bacteria live in non-extreme environments.
Cell Wall Composition: Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan. Archaeal cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.
Antibiotic Resistance: Antibiotics kill bacteria, but have no effect on archaea.

Structure and Function of Bacterial Cells

Capsule: A protective outer layer that resists desiccation, helps adherence to surfaces, and evades the host's immune system.
Cell Wall: Provides structural support and protection.
Cytoplasm: The region between the cell wall and the cell membrane.
Ribosomes: Responsible for protein synthesis.
Visual aids (diagrams, coloring sheets, lesson plans) are available for further understanding of bacterial cell structures and functions (page 363).

Explore the fascinating world of prokaryotes, including their characteristics and differences between Archaea and Bacteria. Learn how these unicellular organisms function in various environments and their unique cell structures. Dive into the structural support provided by cell walls and the implications for antibiotic resistance.