Prokaryotes and Bacterial Cells PDF

Created by Turbolearn AI Introduction to Prokaryotes The prokaryotes are a group of organisms that belong to the Kingdom Monera. They are characterized by their prokaryotic cells, which lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. The DNA in these cells is scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Simi...

Created by Turbolearn AI Introduction to Prokaryotes The prokaryotes are a group of organisms that belong to the Kingdom Monera. They are characterized by their prokaryotic cells, which lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus. The DNA in these cells is scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Similarities between Archaea and Bacteria Both Archaea and Bacteria are prokaryotic cells, meaning they: Lack membrane-bound organelles Lack a nucleus Have ribosomes that are not membrane-bound Can be either autotrophic or heterotrophic Have cell walls A cell wall is a rigid layer that provides structural support and protection to the cell. It helps the cell maintain its shape and withstand changes in water pressure. Differences between Archaea and Bacteria The main differences between Archaea and Bacteria are: Environment: Archaea live in extreme environments, such as hot springs or cold temperatures, while Bacteria do not. Cell wall composition: Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, while Archaeal cell walls do not. Antibiotic resistance: Antibiotics can kill Bacteria, but have no effect on Archaea. Characteristic Archaea Bacteria Environment Extreme Non-extreme Cell wall composition No peptidoglycan Peptidoglycan Antibiotic resistance Resistant Susceptible Structure and Function of Bacterial Cells Page 1  Created by Turbolearn AI It is essential to understand the structure and function of bacterial cells, including the capsule, which is a layer of protective material that surrounds the cell. The capsule helps the cell: Resist desiccation Adhere to surfaces Evade the host's immune system Key components of a bacterial cell include: Cell wall: provides structural support and protection Cytoplasm: the region between the cell wall and the cell membrane Ribosomes: responsible for protein synthesis Capsule: a layer of protective material that surrounds the cell To review the structure and function of bacterial cells, refer to the diagram on page 363 in your book, the coloring sheet provided, or the additional diagrams in your daily lesson plans. Be sure to learn the different parts of the bacterial cell and be able to label them. Page 2