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Questions and Answers
At standard atmospheric pressure, what is the boiling point of water?
What happens to the boiling point of water as atmospheric pressure decreases?
What is the specific weight of water commonly used for engineering computations?
What is specific gravity (s.g.) a ratio of?
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At what temperature is water most dense?
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Which of the following materials would have a specific gravity less than 1.0?
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How is specific weight defined?
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What does the nominal pipe size (NPS) indicate?
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Which material is NOT commonly used to make pipes?
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How are pipes classified in terms of their wall thickness?
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Which of the following is a typical nominal pipe size?
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What is the significance of the schedule of a pipe?
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What type of structures are tubes primarily used for?
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Which statement about pipes and tubes is correct?
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What does a higher schedule number indicate regarding pipes?
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What types of materials are fittings for plastic, copper, and brass pipe made of?
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Which valve type is NOT mentioned as a category of valves in plumbing systems?
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What is the primary purpose of valves in a plumbing system?
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Which process follows coagulation in the water treatment process?
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What is a characteristic feature of the inner workings of most valves?
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What is the main benefit of proper location of valves in a plumbing system?
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Which of the following components is NOT involved in the water treatment process?
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What is the role of coagulants in water treatment?
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What is the definition of gauge pressure?
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What is absolute pressure?
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What types of water are considered potable?
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What does the term 'water table' refer to?
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Which statement correctly describes surface water?
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What primarily distinguishes nonpotable water from potable water?
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What is an artesian well?
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What characteristic of groundwater allows it to remain undisturbed for long periods?
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What must exist at a plumbing fixture for water to flow?
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What is the pressure at the base of a 1 ft high column of water?
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How is static head pressure loss calculated?
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What influence does friction have on water pressure?
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What happens to pressure difference when there is an upward elevation change?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects friction head losses in water systems?
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What must the total dynamic head generated by a pump do?
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Which of the following equations correctly represents the static head in psi?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Plumbing
- Water is a chemical compound with a formula of H2O.
- Water is tasteless and odorless in its pure state.
- Under standard atmospheric pressure, water boils at 212°F (100°C).
- The boiling point of water decreases with lower atmospheric pressure and increases with higher pressures.
Fundamental Units
- Specific weight is the weight per unit volume of a substance, often measured in kg/L.
- Specific Gravity is the ratio of the specific weight of a substance to the specific weight of water at 39°F (4°C).
- Materials with a specific gravity less than 1.0 are less dense than water (e.g., oil).
- Pressure is a force per unit area.
- Gauge pressure excludes atmospheric pressure, while Absolute pressure includes atmospheric pressure.
Water Supply
- Potable water is suitable for human drinking, cooking, and cleaning.
- Non-potable water is used for purposes other than drinking, cooking, or cleaning.
- Surface water is found on the Earth's surface, such as rivers, lakes, and ponds.
- Groundwater is water found beneath the surface, trapped in sediment and rock.
- Artesian wells are formed when groundwater is forced upward due to pressure.
Tubing and Pipe
- Pipes are tubular structures used to convey fluids (liquids or gases) from one point to another.
- Tubes are hollow structures used primarily for structural purposes.
Pipe Sizing
- Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a numerical designation that indicates the approximate inside diameter of a pipe.
- NPS Sizing is typically expressed in inches, with common sizes like 1/8 inch, 1/4 inch, 1/2 inch, 3/4 inch, and 1 inch.
- The Schedule of a pipe refers to its wall thickness and, indirectly, its pressure rating.
- Higher Schedule numbers correspond to thicker walls and higher pressure ratings.
Fittings and Valves
- Fittings are used to connect pipe lengths, turn pipes, and create branch lines.
- Valves control the flow of water throughout a system.
- Valves are generally classified as gate, globe, check, and angle valves.
Water Distribution System
- Coagulation uses chemicals to neutralize charges on suspended particles, causing them to clump together.
- Filtration physically traps remaining particles and flocs, further purifying water.
Water Pressure Considerations
- Pressure difference (ΔP) is the driving force of fluid flow.
- A 1 ft high column of water creates a pressure of 0.433 psi at its base.
- Friction head (ΔPfriction) is a pressure loss due to friction within a pipe system.
- Total dynamic head (ΔPTDH) is the total pressure that a pump must overcome to deliver water at a specific flow rate.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts in plumbing, including the properties of water, specific weight, and pressure measurements. Delve into the differences between potable and non-potable water, along with understanding specific gravity and its implications in plumbing systems.
