Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of cells in the body?
What is the primary role of cells in the body?
- To increase blood volume
- To transport oxygen throughout the body
- To aggregate into tissues and organs (correct)
- To produce hormones for homeostasis
What principle is used to calculate blood volume?
What principle is used to calculate blood volume?
- V2C2 = V1 + C1
- Blood volume = Plasma volume / (1 - Hematocrit) (correct)
- Blood volume = Plasma volume x Hematocrit
- V1C1 = V2C2
Which of the following systems does NOT contribute to homeostasis?
Which of the following systems does NOT contribute to homeostasis?
- Respiratory system
- Digestive enzyme system (correct)
- Nervous system
- Musculoskeletal system
What mechanism is primarily involved in the control of blood glucose levels?
What mechanism is primarily involved in the control of blood glucose levels?
Which of the following describes a positive feedback mechanism?
Which of the following describes a positive feedback mechanism?
Flashcards
Physiology
Physiology
The study of how the body and its parts function, including cells, tissues, and organ systems.
Indicator Dilution Principle
Indicator Dilution Principle
A principle used to calculate fluid volumes in the body using the formula V1C1 = V2C2.
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment in the body, crucial for cell and organ function.
Systems Contributing to Homeostasis
Systems Contributing to Homeostasis
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Negative Feedback Mechanisms
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
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Study Notes
Physiology and Body Fluid Distribution
- Physiology studies the functions of various body parts and systems.
- Cells, as the fundamental units, aggregate with the extracellular matrix, forming tissues and organs.
- Cell functions vary across different tissues, but all share a common process of converting nutrients into energy and releasing byproducts into surrounding fluids.
Body Fluid Calculation
- Use the indicator dilution principle: V1C1 = V2C2 for volume and concentration calculations.
- Blood volume is calculated as plasma volume divided by (1 - Hematocrit).
Major Ion Distribution
- The body has a specific distribution of ions, crucial for various physiological processes.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis maintains stable internal conditions, primarily through the extracellular fluid (ECF) transport and mixing system, which largely involves the circulatory system.
- Nutrients originate from various systems: respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), liver, and musculoskeletal systems.
- Metabolic waste products are removed via the lungs, GI tract, and liver.
Systems Contributing to Homeostasis
- Respiratory system: regulates gas exchange and pH.
- Gastrointestinal tract: processes and absorbs nutrients.
- Musculoskeletal system: facilitates movement and physical activity.
- Kidney and urinary system: regulates fluid balance and electrolytes.
- Nervous system: monitors and responds to internal changes.
- Hormonal system: modulates physiological processes through chemicals in the bloodstream.
Control Systems of the Body
- Two main control systems exist: genetic control systems and organ-level control.
- Negative feedback mechanisms stabilize physiological processes (e.g., oxygen and CO2 regulation by nervous and respiratory systems).
- Positive feedback mechanisms amplify responses in critical situations (e.g., blood clotting and heart function after blood loss).
Important Constituents of ECF
- Extracellular fluid consists of essential ions and nutrients, critical for cellular functions and overall homeostasis.
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