Introduction to Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of the cell in living organisms?

To form different organ systems

To act as the only source of energy

To take in nutrients and convert them into energy (correct)

To provide structural support only

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria (correct)

Golgi apparatus

Lysosomes

What does the cell theory state about cells?

Cells are only found in multicellular organisms

All living organisms consist of either cells or tissues

Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms (correct)

Cells arise from non-living matter

Which of the following is NOT a membrane-bound organelle?

Ribosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first person to observe cells under a microscope?

Robert Hooke (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range for arterial pH in fasting blood?

7.35-7.45 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of regulatory process involves the nervous system controlling bodily functions?

Nervous Regulation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the body is unable to compensate during homeostasis?

Pathophysiology (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism provides a long-term response to changes in the body’s chemical environment?

Chemical Regulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the feedback control system?

To return output signals to the control system (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parameters is NOT included in the normal physiological ranges listed for fasting blood?

Blood urea nitrogen (A) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes autoregulation in the context of body functions?

It responds directly to environmental changes (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of feedback mechanisms, what is the difference between negative and positive feedback?

Negative feedback reduces the output, while positive feedback enhances the output (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of negative feedback in homeostasis?

To turn off the stimulus (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

Child birth (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does feed-forward control play in human physiology?

Adapting responses to anticipated environmental changes (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which system is mainly involved in the control of blood pressure?

Endocrine system (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the body maintain homeostasis regarding blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels?

By increasing heart rate and respiration (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does acclimatization refer to in the context of homeostasis?

Temporary physiological adjustments to environmental changes (B) Signup and view all the answers

In terms of physiological control systems, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of homeostasis?

Randomized responses (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of biological rhythms in homeostasis?

They ensure adaptive responses to daily and seasonal changes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do vacuoles primarily perform in animal cells?

Storage and assisting in exocytosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for supplying energy to the cell?

Mitochondria (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

To control movement of substances in and out of the cell (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of physiology focuses on the functions of nerve cells?

Neurophysiology (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the subdivisions of physiology?

Chemical physiology (B) Signup and view all the answers

The jelly-like substance in cells that contains water and mineral salts is known as what?

Cytoplasm (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

To break down and digest invaders (A) Signup and view all the answers

Physiology can be defined as a branch of science that deals with what?

The basic functions of living organisms (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hormones in the endocrine system?

To regulate various body functions through chemical signals (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the body respond to a deviation from homeostasis?

By sending signals to organs to restore balance (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role do capillaries play in the circulatory system?

Facilitating the exchange of materials between blood and tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What primarily determines the movement of fluids into and out of capillaries?

Hydrostatic and osmotic pressures (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is NOT directly involved in maintaining homeostasis?

Musculoskeletal system (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'interstitial fluid' refer to?

Fluid that surrounds cells in tissues (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of the endocrine system?

Secretion of hormones to regulate bodily functions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about hydrostatic pressure is accurate?

It causes fluid to exit the capillaries into surrounding tissues. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cell's primary role

Converting nutrients into energy

Energy production organelle

Mitochondria