Anatomy and Physiology Quiz on Electrolytes

<p>Homeostasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle contractions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palms are facing posteriorly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posterior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proximal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To lubricate organs, reducing friction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The layer attached to the body wall and its structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial cavity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior to the diaphragm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atlantoaxial joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical vertebrae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of transverse foramina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forms a joint with the fifth lumbar vertebra (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide flexibility to the rib cage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribs 11-12 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hyoid bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gladiolus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse costal facets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To allow for the passage of spinal nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Auditory ossicles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart-shaped (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide space for muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a floating bone. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the rib's head (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To restrict twisting and prevent spinal cord damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intervertebral disc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rupture of the intervertebral disc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inferiorly on the laminae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrocartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defense against disease and recovery of excess tissue fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thymus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing collagen fibers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allow osteocytes to communicate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yellow bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epiphyseal line (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acid-base balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compact bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption of nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larynx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periosteum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production and delivery of hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The network of interconnecting rods and plates (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heart, esophagus, trachea and blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parietal and visceral pleura (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It houses the heart and cardiac structures only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestive organs and some urinary organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kidneys and adrenal glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Meninges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into four quadrants or nine regions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Equal left and right parts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suspense the abdominal viscera from the body wall (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cranial cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both skeletal and smooth muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Engage in slow internal chemical communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Superior and inferior parts (A), Upper and lower parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thyroid gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ions dissolved in water, forming an electrically conducting mixture.

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment.

Crucial for maintaining homeostasis and cell function.

Electrolyte imbalances can drastically affect muscle contractions, nerve impulses, and heart function.

Electrolyte balance is essential for maintaining good health.

A reference point for describing body structures. In anatomical position, the body is upright, feet shoulder-width apart, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away from the body.

A directional term used for body parts located towards the front or belly side of the body.

A directional term used for body parts located towards the back or spine side of the body.

A directional term used for body parts located towards the head or upper portion of the body.

A directional term used for body parts located towards the tail or lower portion of the body, away from the head.

A directional term used for body parts located towards the midline or center of the body.

A directional term used for body parts located away from the midline or center of the body.

Thin layers of tissue that produce serous fluid, acting as a lubricant for organs within body cavities.

Round projections located on the laminae of vertebrae, superior to the spinous process. They form joints (facets) with the vertebra above, limiting twisting and protecting the spinal cord.

Round projections located on the laminae of vertebrae, inferior to the spinous process. They form joints (facets) with the vertebra below.

A fibrocartilage pad located between each vertebral body. It absorbs shock as the vertebral column moves.

A ruptured intervertebral disc, causing intense pain. It occurs when the soft inner portion of the disc pushes through the tougher outer layer.

The process that forms the posterior projection of a vertebra, often visible as a bump on the back.

The study of the structure of the body.

The study of the function of the body.

The outer layer of a long bone, made of dense connective tissue.

The inner lining of the medullary cavity and spongy bone canals.

The central shaft of a long bone, containing the medullary cavity.

The end piece of a long bone.

The line where the diaphysis and epiphysis fuse together.

The hollow space within the diaphysis, containing yellow bone marrow.

A type of bone tissue that is dense and solid, found in the outer layer of bones.

A type of bone tissue that is porous and spongy, found in the inner layer of bones.

The basic structural and functional unit of compact bone.

Mature bone cells that reside in small cavities called lacunae.

Small cavities that house osteocytes within the bone matrix.

Tiny canals that connect lacunae, allowing communication between osteocytes.

Bone-building cells that produce collagen fibers during bone formation.

A space between the lungs that contains the heart, esophagus, great blood vessels, trachea, bronchi, lymph nodes/vessels, and nerves. It extends from the base of the neck to the diaphragm.

Spaces surrounding each lung, containing the parietal and visceral pleura, as well as pleural fluid.

A space within the mediastinum that surrounds the heart and other cardiac structures, filled with pericardial fluid.

A large body cavity located on the anterior (front) side of the body, divided by the diaphragm into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

The space below the diaphragm containing most organs of the digestive, urinary, lymphatic, endocrine, and reproductive systems.

The superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity housing the majority of the digestive organs, as well as some urinary, endocrine, and lymphatic organs.

A space within the abdominal cavity, containing the peritoneum (serous membrane) that holds and suspends organs in place.

The outer layer of the peritoneum lining the wall of the abdominal cavity.

The inner layer of the peritoneum covering and holding abdominal viscera in place.

A serous fluid found within the peritoneal cavity that lubricates and reduces friction between organs.

Organs that lie within the peritoneal cavity, enclosed by the visceral peritoneum. (e.g., liver, most of the small intestine, most of the colon, stomach, spleen, and part of the pancreas)

Organs that are located posterior to the peritoneal cavity, against the posterior wall. (e.g., kidneys, adrenal glands, sex organs, urinary bladder, part of the colon, and part of the pancreas)

The inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity that lies below the pelvic brim, containing the urinary bladder, ovaries, rectum, and prostate gland.

A large body cavity located on the posterior (back) side of the body, containing the major organs of the nervous system.

The larger cavity located within the dorsal cavity containing the brain, enclosed by the skull.

A cavity within the dorsal cavity containing the spinal cord, enclosed by the vertebrae.

The first cervical vertebra (C1), also known as the atlas, supports the head and allows for nodding movements. It features lateral masses with superior articular facets for articulation with the occipital condyles, and contains anterior and posterior tubercles.

The second cervical vertebra (C2), also known as the axis, allows for head rotation. It features a superior projection called the dens (odontoid process) that articulates with the atlas. This articulation forms the atlantoaxial joint.

These vertebrae are characterized by long, thin spinous processes that point inferiorly. They lack transverse foramina and have two sets of costal facets, superior and inferior for the rib head and transverse for the rib tubercle.

These vertebrae have large, block-shaped vertebral bodies, thick, blocky, squarish, posteriorly pointing spinous processes. They lack transverse foramina and costal facets.

The sacrum is a bone formed by five fused vertebrae (S1-S5). It articulates with the L5 vertebra, forming the lumbosacral joint. It also features alae, a sacral canal, median sacral crest, and anterior and posterior sacral foramina.

The coccyx, also known as the tailbone, is formed by 3-5 small fused vertebrae (Co1-Co5). It acts as an attachment point for pelvic floor muscles and ligaments.

The sternum, or breastbone, is a flat bone located in the center of the chest. It consists of three parts: the superior manubrium, the long middle gladiolus (body), and the inferior xiphoid process.

There are 12 pairs of ribs that protect the thoracic cavity and vital organs. The spaces between ribs, called intercostal spaces, contain muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.

These ribs attach directly to the sternum bone via their own costal cartilages.

These ribs attach to the sternum bone via costal cartilages of true bones.

These ribs lack attachment to the sternum and are known as floating ribs.

The costal margin is the medial border of the costal cartilages of the ribs.

This U-shaped bone is located in the superior neck, doesn't articulate with any other bone. It's held in place by muscles and ligaments, supports the larynx and muscles of the tongue.

These are the tiny bones located in the temporal bone and help with the sense of hearing. There are three pairs: malleus, incus, and stapes.