Questions and Answers
What is the origin of the word 'pharmacology'?
Which of the following best describes pharmacology?
What does the root 'makon' in pharmacology refer to?
What aspect of drugs does pharmacology primarily focus on?
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Which term is combined with 'pharmakon' to form the word pharmacology?
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What must a drug do to be included in the Essential Drug List (EDL)?
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Which criterion is NOT necessary for a drug to be added to the EDL?
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The inclusion of a drug in the EDL is based on what primary philosophy?
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Which of the following is an essential aspect of the EDL criteria?
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What does EDL stand for in the context of drug inclusion criteria?
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What did Francois Magendie primarily contribute to the field of medicine?
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Which body systems did Magendie investigate?
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Who was a student of Francois Magendie that furthered his work?
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What was the significance of Magendie's animal experimentation?
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How long did Magendie focus on research related to the venous system?
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What approach did Magendie use to develop his hypotheses?
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Magendie's research helped improve understanding of how what interacts with organs and tissues?
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Which of the following best describes the nature of Magendie's protocols?
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What is a requirement for the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals mentioned?
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What form of pharmaceuticals is preferred according to the guidelines?
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When should the International Non-proprietary Name (INN) be utilized?
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What kind of therapeutic effects should be excluded?
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What is the focus regarding the sources of raw materials?
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Why is the selection of generic forms preferred?
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What should be avoided when selecting pharmaceutical substances?
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What is true about the packaging and marketing of generic drugs?
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What does pharmacoepidemiology primarily focus on?
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Which aspect of drug effects is NOT considered in pharmacoepidemiology?
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What does pharmacoepidemiology aim to understand through its methods?
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Which of the following factors does pharmacoepidemiology analyze in relation to drug effectiveness?
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How does genetic variation pertain to pharmacoepidemiology?
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What issue related to medications is addressed by pharmacoepidemiology?
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Which element is crucial in understanding interactions in pharmacoepidemiology?
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What does the phrase 'clinically effective drug' refer to in pharmacoepidemiology?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Pharmacology
- "Pharmacology" originates from Greek words "pharmakon" meaning drug or poison, and "logia" meaning study or knowledge.
- Focuses on drugs commonly used in disease treatment.
Historical Development
- The late 18th and early 19th centuries marked significant advancements in pharmacology.
- Francois Magendie, a French physiologist/pharmacologist, and his student Claude Bernard initiated experimental approaches in pharmacology.
- Emphasis on animal experiments as a basis for knowledge generation in scientific medicine.
- Investigated various body systems including the heart, venous system, blood vessels, liver, and intestinal absorption.
Impact on Clinical Practice
- Magendie's work laid the groundwork for clinical observations and laboratory testing to inform medical protocols.
- Focus on understanding drug actions on organ and tissue levels.
Pharmacoepidemiology
- Concentrates on clinical patient outcomes deriving from therapeutic interventions.
- Utilizes clinical epidemiology methods to assess the effects of drugs on health.
- Evaluates beneficial and adverse drug effects along with genetic variations influencing drug responses.
- Investigates duration-response relationships, clinical drug interactions, and medication non-adherence effects.
Criteria for Inclusion in the Essential Drugs List (EDL)
- Must meet the needs of the majority of patients across all health care levels.
- Should be manufacturable by accredited pharmaceutical companies from locally sourced or imported bulk materials.
- Preference for generic forms over trade or brand names; aligns with the International Non-proprietary Name (INN) standards.
- Excludes drugs with unproven or dubious therapeutic effects.
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Description
Explore the foundations of pharmacology, including its historical development and impact on clinical practice. Learn about key figures like Francois Magendie and how experimental approaches transformed drug study and application in medicine.
