Introduction to Petrology and Igneous Rocks

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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of petrology?

  • The study of the Earth's oceans
  • The study of the Earth's atmosphere
  • The study of the Earth's rocks (correct)
  • The study of the Earth's magnetic field

Which type of igneous rock forms with large mineral grains due to slow cooling beneath the Earth's surface?

  • Rhyolite
  • Basalt
  • Andesite
  • Granite (correct)

What process forms sedimentary rocks?

  • Transformation of existing rocks due to heat and pressure
  • Solidification of molten magma
  • Cooling of lava
  • Accumulation and compaction of sediments (correct)

Which type of rock results from the transformation of existing rocks due to heat, pressure, or chemical changes?

<p>Metamorphic rock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes extrusive or volcanic rocks to have fine-grained mineral grains?

<p>Rapid cooling due to loss of heat to the surrounding environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of igneous rock contains high amounts of silica and includes granite and rhyolite?

<p>Felsic igneous rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is basalt commonly found as an igneous rock?

<p>Oceanic crust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process causes magma to cool and solidify, leading to the crystallization of minerals within it?

<p>Crystallization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of igneous rock consists mainly of ferromagnesian minerals and is high in iron and magnesium?

<p>Mafic igneous rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which location do igneous rocks such as granite and gabbro form, often in mountainous regions?

<p>Continental crust (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three major groups into which geologists divide rocks?

<p>Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor strongly influences the nature and appearance of a rock?

<p>The minerals that compose the rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do hot spots occur in relation to the Earth's lithosphere?

<p>Beneath both oceanic and continental lithosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do petrologic studies typically aim to achieve?

<p>Interpretation and classification of rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which discipline heavily influences petrology besides chemical and mineralogical aspects?

<p>Structural geology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of divergent plate boundaries in the context of rock formation?

<p>They are the primary sites of seafloor spreading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In petrology, which type of silicate consists of a continuous 3-dimensional network of tetrahedra sharing all 4 corners?

<p>Tectosilicate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of silicate forms rings by sharing two corners of tetrahedra?

<p>Cyclosilicate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Si:O ratio in Amphibole, a mineral belonging to the Inosilicate group?

<p>4:11 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which silicate type is characterized by independent tetrahedra satisfied in charge and held together by cations?

<p>Nesosilicate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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