Introduction to Petrology and Igneous Rocks
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of petrology?

  • The study of the Earth's oceans
  • The study of the Earth's atmosphere
  • The study of the Earth's rocks (correct)
  • The study of the Earth's magnetic field
  • Which type of igneous rock forms with large mineral grains due to slow cooling beneath the Earth's surface?

  • Rhyolite
  • Basalt
  • Andesite
  • Granite (correct)
  • What process forms sedimentary rocks?

  • Transformation of existing rocks due to heat and pressure
  • Solidification of molten magma
  • Cooling of lava
  • Accumulation and compaction of sediments (correct)
  • Which type of rock results from the transformation of existing rocks due to heat, pressure, or chemical changes?

    <p>Metamorphic rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes extrusive or volcanic rocks to have fine-grained mineral grains?

    <p>Rapid cooling due to loss of heat to the surrounding environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of igneous rock contains high amounts of silica and includes granite and rhyolite?

    <p>Felsic igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is basalt commonly found as an igneous rock?

    <p>Oceanic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process causes magma to cool and solidify, leading to the crystallization of minerals within it?

    <p>Crystallization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of igneous rock consists mainly of ferromagnesian minerals and is high in iron and magnesium?

    <p>Mafic igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which location do igneous rocks such as granite and gabbro form, often in mountainous regions?

    <p>Continental crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three major groups into which geologists divide rocks?

    <p>Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor strongly influences the nature and appearance of a rock?

    <p>The minerals that compose the rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do hot spots occur in relation to the Earth's lithosphere?

    <p>Beneath both oceanic and continental lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do petrologic studies typically aim to achieve?

    <p>Interpretation and classification of rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline heavily influences petrology besides chemical and mineralogical aspects?

    <p>Structural geology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of divergent plate boundaries in the context of rock formation?

    <p>They are the primary sites of seafloor spreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In petrology, which type of silicate consists of a continuous 3-dimensional network of tetrahedra sharing all 4 corners?

    <p>Tectosilicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of silicate forms rings by sharing two corners of tetrahedra?

    <p>Cyclosilicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Si:O ratio in Amphibole, a mineral belonging to the Inosilicate group?

    <p>4:11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which silicate type is characterized by independent tetrahedra satisfied in charge and held together by cations?

    <p>Nesosilicate</p> Signup and view all the answers

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