Introduction to Pathology: Disease Concepts and Mechanisms

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Questions and Answers

What is the concept of disease?

  • A consequence of failing to maintain equilibrium within the body (correct)
  • A condition resulting from visible structural changes only
  • An abnormality that doesn't affect health
  • An ailment caused by external factors

What do diseases have according to the pathologist definition?

  • Causes and Mechanisms (correct)
  • Symptoms experienced by the Physician
  • Visible structural changes only
  • Aetiology only

What may diseases result in according to the text?

  • Structural changes visible to the naked eye (correct)
  • Structural changes invisible to the naked eye
  • Signs experienced by the Patient
  • Symptoms visible to the Physician

How is disease defined in terms of clinical manifestation?

<p>As a condition represented by signs and symptoms of an underlying abnormality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'disease' according to the text?

<p>'Dis' from French meaning from, and 'ease' meaning ease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis in the context of disease?

<p>A concept of equilibrium within the body despite environmental changes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some general categories of aetiological agents?

<p>Genetic abnormalities and infective agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe diseases caused by a combination of factors?

<p>Multifactorial diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for diseases with an unknown cause?

<p>Idiopathic diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the adaptive response to the cause of a disease is 100% successful?

<p>Homeostasis is maintained (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the extrinsic cause in the example of lobar pneumonia mentioned in the text?

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of changes can result from the acute inflammatory response in lobar pneumonia?

<p>Functional and structural changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the mechanism causing a disease?

<p>Pathogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the secondary, systemic, or remote consequences of a disease?

<p>Complications and sequelae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of conversion from active disease to quiescence?

<p>Remission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary agent responsible for initiating subsequent events resulting in a patient's illness called?

<p>Pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to the anticipated course of the disease in terms of cure, remission, or fate of the patient?

<p>Prognosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the re-appearance of disease signs and symptoms after a period of quiescence?

<p>Relapse (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of the mechanisms mentioned on heart muscle cells?

<p>Deplete glycogen and produce acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of pathology focuses on the study of disorders of the cellular and coagulable components of blood?

<p>Haematology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does histopathology primarily involve?

<p>Diagnosing diseases from tissue examination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of pathology studies the effects of known or suspected poisons?

<p>Toxicology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major purpose of immunology in the field of pathology?

<p>Investigating defense mechanisms of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of pathology deals with the study and diagnosis of diseases based on chemical changes in tissues and fluids?

<p>Chemical pathology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique uses antibodies linked to enzymes to visualize substances in tissue sections or cell preparations?

<p>Histochemistry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique extends the range of pathology to study disorders at an organelle level and demonstrate viruses in tissue samples?

<p>Electron Microscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of biochemical techniques applied to the body's tissues and fluids?

<p>Monitoring fluid and electrolyte homeostasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of study focuses on diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites?

<p>Medical Microbiology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique involves the diagnosis and study of blood disorders?

<p>Hematological Techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of cell cultures for research purposes?

<p>Ease of cellular environment monitoring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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