Introduction to Pathology: Disease Concepts and Mechanisms

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What is the concept of disease?

A consequence of failing to maintain equilibrium within the body (correct)

A condition resulting from visible structural changes only

An abnormality that doesn't affect health

An ailment caused by external factors

What do diseases have according to the pathologist definition?

Causes and Mechanisms (correct)

Symptoms experienced by the Physician

Visible structural changes only

Aetiology only

What may diseases result in according to the text?

Structural changes visible to the naked eye (correct)

Structural changes invisible to the naked eye

Signs experienced by the Patient

Symptoms visible to the Physician

How is disease defined in terms of clinical manifestation?

As a condition represented by signs and symptoms of an underlying abnormality Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'disease' according to the text?

'Dis' from French meaning from, and 'ease' meaning ease Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis in the context of disease?

A concept of equilibrium within the body despite environmental changes Signup and view all the answers

What are some general categories of aetiological agents?

Genetic abnormalities and infective agents Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe diseases caused by a combination of factors?

Multifactorial diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for diseases with an unknown cause?

Idiopathic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the adaptive response to the cause of a disease is 100% successful?

Homeostasis is maintained Signup and view all the answers

What is the extrinsic cause in the example of lobar pneumonia mentioned in the text?

Streptococcus pneumoniae bacterium Signup and view all the answers

What type of changes can result from the acute inflammatory response in lobar pneumonia?

Functional and structural changes Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe the mechanism causing a disease?

Pathogenesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the secondary, systemic, or remote consequences of a disease?

Complications and sequelae Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of conversion from active disease to quiescence?

Remission Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary agent responsible for initiating subsequent events resulting in a patient's illness called?

Pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following refers to the anticipated course of the disease in terms of cure, remission, or fate of the patient?

Prognosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the re-appearance of disease signs and symptoms after a period of quiescence?

Relapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of the mechanisms mentioned on heart muscle cells?

Deplete glycogen and produce acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of pathology focuses on the study of disorders of the cellular and coagulable components of blood?

Haematology Signup and view all the answers

What does histopathology primarily involve?

Diagnosing diseases from tissue examination Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of pathology studies the effects of known or suspected poisons?

Toxicology Signup and view all the answers

What is the major purpose of immunology in the field of pathology?

Investigating defense mechanisms of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which subdivision of pathology deals with the study and diagnosis of diseases based on chemical changes in tissues and fluids?

Chemical pathology Signup and view all the answers

What technique uses antibodies linked to enzymes to visualize substances in tissue sections or cell preparations?

Histochemistry Signup and view all the answers

Which technique extends the range of pathology to study disorders at an organelle level and demonstrate viruses in tissue samples?

Electron Microscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of biochemical techniques applied to the body's tissues and fluids?

Monitoring fluid and electrolyte homeostasis Signup and view all the answers