Introduction to Organizational Behavior
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Questions and Answers

What are considered brain inputs in the study of psychology?

  • Habits and Ideas
  • Friends and Family (correct)
  • Motivation and Goals
  • Fears and Likes
  • Which of the following is an example of brain outputs?

  • Role Models
  • Physical Environment
  • Opportunities
  • Dislikes (correct)
  • How does social pressure influence behavior, according to organizational behavior concepts?

  • It only applies in familial settings.
  • It solely encourages rational argument.
  • It includes conformity and demands. (correct)
  • It does not affect individual behavior significantly.
  • What is organizational behavior most concerned with?

    <p>Understanding individual and group behaviors within organizations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does interactionalism suggest about individual behavior?

    <p>It is influenced by continuous interactions with organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes dysfunctional individual behaviors?

    <p>Actions leading to negativity such as absenteeism or bullying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do individuals often change their behaviors in group settings?

    <p>Due to external social pressures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does diversity in organizations affect the workplace?

    <p>It fosters a culture of inclusion and promotes creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT listed as a brain input in psychology?

    <p>Personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is performance in the context of organizational behavior?

    <p>The measurable contributions and outputs of individuals or teams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences might affect an individual's motivations according to the study of psychology?

    <p>Family support and social environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual behavior is considered a positive contribution to an organization?

    <p>Engagement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes organizational behavior?

    <p>The study of human behavior within group settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is influenced by the social environment within an organization?

    <p>The observed behaviors of individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does psychology play in understanding organizational behavior?

    <p>It studies human motivation and behavior patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which, among the following, is NOT a functional individual behavior?

    <p>Absenteeism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of the early studies of individual behavior in the workplace during the late 1800s?

    <p>To increase output with fewer resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frederick W. Taylor is associated with which of the following concepts?

    <p>Scientific Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is NOT part of Scientific Management as proposed by Taylor?

    <p>Encouraging self-training for workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one major criticism of Scientific Management?

    <p>It led to job monotony and dissatisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original objective of the Hawthorne Studies conducted in 1927?

    <p>To evaluate the effects of lighting on workers' productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT associated with Scientific Management?

    <p>Job flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did critics view the role of workers in the framework of Scientific Management?

    <p>As components of a machine to be optimized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of workers' experience did Scientific Management often overlook?

    <p>The importance of interpersonal relationships at work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant conclusion drawn from the Hawthorne Studies?

    <p>Being watched can positively influence employee productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does the human relations approach prioritize in the workplace?

    <p>Understanding individual worker needs and motivations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three levels that organizational behavior considers?

    <p>Individual, group, and organization system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do feelings and perceptions affect worker performance according to the human relations movement?

    <p>They can enhance motivation and job satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT an organizational factor associated with the human relations movement?

    <p>Scientific automation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a key difference between scientific management and the human relations approach?

    <p>Human relations considers social dynamics as crucial for productivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a group-level factor in organizational behavior?

    <p>Power and politics within teams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does common sense play in understanding organizational behavior?

    <p>It identifies relationships among behavioral variables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Organizational Behavior

    • Organizational behavior (OB) employs scientific methods to explore how individuals' perceptions, attitudes, and feelings are shaped by the presence of others.
    • OB is an intersection of psychology and management, focusing on social influence within organizations.
    • It examines how individuals, groups, and organizational structures affect behaviors for enhancing organizational effectiveness.

    Diversity in Organizations

    • Organizations are increasingly diverse, encompassing various backgrounds, experiences, cultures, and values.
    • A culture of inclusion encourages the exploration and appreciation of different perspectives, fostering creativity and problem-solving.

    Understanding Behaviors

    • Behaviors are observable and measurable actions that result from specific stimuli or situations.
    • Examples include putting on a coat when feeling cold, running in response to fear, smiling when happy, or screaming when angry.

    Functional Individual Behaviors

    • Positive behaviors enhance organizational performance, including:
      • High performance
      • Employee engagement
      • Commitment to the organization
      • Dedication
      • Organizational citizenship behaviors

    Dysfunctional Individual Behaviors

    • Negative behaviors that detract from organizational effectiveness include:
      • Poor performance
      • Absenteeism and turnover
      • Theft and sabotage
      • Harassment and bullying
      • Political behaviors and incivility

    The Role of Psychology in OB

    • Psychology is crucial for understanding human behavior and its impacts within organizations.
    • It explores how external inputs influence cognitive processes, leading to specific behavioral outputs.

    Inputs to Human Behavior

    • Factors influencing behavior include:
      • Physical environment and opportunities
      • Social relationships (friends, family)
      • Life experiences and information
      • Role models

    Outputs of Human Behavior

    • Behavioral outputs can include:
      • Fears, likes, dislikes
      • Habits and biases
      • Personality traits and goals
      • Motivation and perceptions

    Interactionalism

    • Individual behaviors are influenced by continuous interactions with organizations and groups.
    • Behavior may vary depending on group context, emphasizing the dynamic nature of social pressure and perception.

    Historical Context of OB

    • Studies of workplace behavior began in the late 1800s, driven by industrialization and a desire for increased efficiency through "Scientific Management."

    Scientific Management

    • Frederick W. Taylor, the "father of Scientific Management," emphasized:
      • Time-and-motion studies to improve task efficiency.
      • The importance of selecting and training workers effectively.
      • Providing detailed guidance and oversight to enforce optimized methods.
      • The premise that higher wages could lead to enhanced motivation.

    Critique of Scientific Management

    • Critics argue that it undermines human factors, leading to job monotony, loss of initiative, and dissatisfaction.
    • Workers were viewed as interchangeable parts of a machine, which negatively impacted morale and job security.

    Hawthorne Studies

    • Conducted by Elton Mayo in 1927 to assess the impact of lighting on productivity at Western Electric's Hawthorne Works.
    • Findings revealed that awareness of being observed enhanced worker productivity, highlighting the importance of social dynamics in the workplace.

    Human Relations Movement

    • Recognized that workers are influenced by social factors like feelings and motivations.
    • Emphasizes the importance of treating employees well to foster engagement and job satisfaction.

    Combining Approaches

    • OB integrates lessons from both Scientific Management and Human Relations to analyze performance and behaviors in organizational contexts.

    Levels of Organizational Behavior

    • Individual Level: Focus on characteristics such as personality, motivation, and emotions.
    • Group Level: Examines communication, leadership, conflict, and social identity among team members.
    • Organizational System Level: Involves examining culture, HR policies, and overall organizational structure.

    The Basis of Knowledge in OB

    • Common sense and intuition often identify behavioral relationships, serving as a foundation for understanding organizational dynamics.

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    001 Intro to OB.pptx

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential concepts of Organizational Behavior, including the scientific methods used to understand how individuals' perceptions and attitudes are influenced in a workplace setting. It addresses the importance of diversity and inclusion within organizations and how these factors contribute to organizational effectiveness.

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