Introduction to Organic Compounds Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which three elements are often found in organic compounds? (Select all that apply)

  • Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (correct)
  • Nitrogen, hydrogen, and phosphorus
  • Carbon, hydrogen, and iron
  • Nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen (correct)

    • Which of the following is the most abundant biomolecule on Earth?

  • Lipids
  • Carbohydrates (correct)
  • Nucleic acids
  • Proteins

    • The sugar found in RNA is:

  • Deoxyribose
  • Ribose (correct)
  • Erythrose
  • Ribulose

    • Linkage between two monosaccharides is:

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are correct combinations of monosaccharides to form disaccharides? (Select all that apply)

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sucrose consists of:

    <p>Glucose + Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maltose consists of:

    <p>Glucose + Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactose is an example of:

    <p>Disaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sugar found in milk is:

    <p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides are:

    <p>Polymers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following carbohydrates is not a polysaccharide?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about polysaccharides?

    <p>Polysaccharides are polymers of glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dietary fibers are rich in:

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of prosthetic group is present in glycolipids?

    <p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lipids have the following properties:

    <p>All of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP is:

    <p>Nucleotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following acts as a thermal insulator in mammals?

    <p>Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following nucleotide bases is not found in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following nucleotide bases is not found in RNA?

    <p>Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ribosomes are important because they help in:

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ATP is made of:

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many amino acids make up a protein?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about proteins?

    <p>Proteins are polymers of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The protein present in hair is:

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pepsin and trypsin are enzymes that are characterized as:

    <p>Proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In mammals, the major fat in adipose tissues is:

    <p>Triacylglycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The linkage that joins two amino acid units is called:

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile is produced by:

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about lipids?

    <p>All of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a bond between amino acids called?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Organic Compounds

    • Organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and often oxygen.
    • Carbon is the backbone of organic molecules, forming long chains and complex structures.

    Carbohydrates

    • Monosaccharides (Simple Sugars): Units of carbohydrates that cannot be broken down further. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
    • Disaccharides: Formed by the combination of two monosaccharides. Common examples include:
      • Maltose: glucose + glucose
      • Sucrose: glucose + fructose
      • Lactose: glucose + galactose
    • Polysaccharides: Complex carbohydrates formed by chains of monosaccharides. Examples include:
      • Starch: Primary energy storage in plants.
      • Glycogen: Primary energy storage in animals, stored mainly in liver and muscles.
      • Cellulose: Major structural component of plant cell walls, provides dietary fiber.

    Lipids (Fats)

    • Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in fat solvents.
    • They are high in energy content and serve as a primary energy source.
    • Types of Lipids:
      • Triglycerides: Most common type, stored as fat in adipose tissue.
      • Phospholipids: Key components of cell membranes.
      • Steroids: Include cholesterol, a vital component of cell membranes and a precursor to steroid hormones.
    • Functions of Lipids:
      • Energy storage
      • Structural components of cell membranes
      • Insulation
      • Protection of vital organs

    Proteins

    • Proteins are polymers of amino acids.
    • Peptide bond: The bond that links amino acids together to form proteins.
    • Functions of Proteins:
      • Structural (e.g., keratin in hair, collagen in connective tissue).
      • Transport (e.g., hemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood).
      • Enzymes (catalyze biochemical reactions).
      • Hormones (e.g., insulin regulates blood sugar).
      • Defense (e.g., antibodies protect against disease).

    Nucleotides

    • Nucleotide Structure: Each nucleotide consists of a three-part structure:
      • Pentose sugar: Deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA.
      • Phosphate group: Provides negative charge.
      • Nitrogenous base: Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) in DNA, and Uracil (U) in RNA.
    • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid): Genetic material in most organisms.
      • Double-stranded structure.
      • Bases pair specifically: A-T, G-C.
    • RNA (Ribonucleic acid): Involved in protein synthesis.
      • Single-stranded structure.
      • Contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
    • ATP (Adenosine triphosphate): The primary energy currency of cells.
      • Contains adenosine (a nitrogenous base) and three phosphate groups.

    Ribosomes

    • Composed of RNA and protein.
    • The site of protein synthesis in cells.

    Oxidative Phosphorylation

    • Process that produces ATP, the primary energy currency of cells.
    • Occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

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    Chapter 2 - Chemistry of Life (71 MCQs) PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on organic compounds, focusing on carbohydrates and lipids. This quiz covers the structure and types of carbohydrates, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Additionally, explore the properties and functions of lipids in biological systems.

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