Questions and Answers
Which organic compound is correctly matched with the subunit that composes it?
Glucose and maltose are classified as organic compounds because they both are carbon-containing substances.
True
Which is an organic compound found in most cells?
Glucose
What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in a molecule of glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
A specific organic compound contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1. This compound is probably a _____
Signup and view all the answers
What are the end products of a carbohydrate hydrolysis reaction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the chemical formula for a carbohydrate molecule?
Signup and view all the answers
The linking together of many molecules of glucose may produce a molecule of _____
Signup and view all the answers
Plants store carbohydrates in the form of _____
Signup and view all the answers
Cellulose is formed from glucose molecules by a process known as _____
Signup and view all the answers
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as _____
Signup and view all the answers
In addition to carbon and hydrogen, a molecule of vegetable oil contains _____
Signup and view all the answers
Molecules consisting only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms make up a large part of a plant cell wall. These molecules are classified as _____
Signup and view all the answers
Carbohydrates are primary _________ _________
Signup and view all the answers
What are carbohydrates made up of?
Signup and view all the answers
Building blocks of carbs, known as a simple sugar are called _____
Signup and view all the answers
Examples of monosaccharides are _____
Signup and view all the answers
Two monosaccharides; formed by dehydration synthesis are called _____
Signup and view all the answers
Examples of disaccharides are _____
Signup and view all the answers
Made up of more than two monosaccharides is called _____
Signup and view all the answers
Examples of polysaccharides are _____
Signup and view all the answers
What is glucose commonly known as?
Signup and view all the answers
Fructose is commonly known as _____
Signup and view all the answers
Galactose is commonly known as _____
Signup and view all the answers
Sucrose is commonly known as _____
Signup and view all the answers
Lactose is commonly known as _____
Signup and view all the answers
Maltose is commonly known as _____
Signup and view all the answers
Starches are _____
Signup and view all the answers
Glycogen is _____
Signup and view all the answers
Chitin is _____
Signup and view all the answers
Examples of lipids are _____
Signup and view all the answers
What are lipids made up of?
Signup and view all the answers
Fatty acid is a _____
Signup and view all the answers
What is it called that lipids cannot dissolve in water?
Signup and view all the answers
What are lipids used for?
Signup and view all the answers
______ store more energy per gram than _______
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three types of lipids?
Signup and view all the answers
Fat that is solid at room temperature, is in animals, and has no double bonds in tails, is called _____
Signup and view all the answers
Fats that are liquid at room temperature, are in plants, and have double bonds in structure are known as _____
Signup and view all the answers
Oils are used for _____
Signup and view all the answers
What are waxes used for?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are phospholipids important?
Signup and view all the answers
What are steroids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is cholesterol?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is carbon dioxide not included as an organic compound?
Signup and view all the answers
How many valence electrons does carbon have? What kind of bonds form?
Signup and view all the answers
Molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon are called _____
Signup and view all the answers
Carbon is made up of ____________
Signup and view all the answers
Example of a hydrocarbon:
Signup and view all the answers
Carbon is based upon single units called ________
Signup and view all the answers
What are chains of monomers called?
Signup and view all the answers
Monomer + monomer - polymer + water (combining) is called _____
Signup and view all the answers
Polymer + water - monomer + monomer (break down) is called _____
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is a ring?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure is a chain?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Carbohydrates Overview
- Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.
- Glucose and maltose are classified as carbon-containing organic compounds.
- Simple sugars or monosaccharides serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates, examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
- Disaccharides, formed by dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides, include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
- Polysaccharides are macromolecules made of more than two monosaccharides; examples are starches, glycogen, and chitin.
- Starch serves as a storage form of carbohydrates in plants, while cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.
- The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, commonly referred to as blood sugar.
- Hydrolysis of carbohydrates produces simple sugars, which can then be utilized for energy.
Lipids Overview
- Lipids are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen, but do not follow the 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen atomic ratio as carbohydrates.
- Key functions of lipids include energy storage, insulation, and cellular membrane structure.
- Common examples of lipids are fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
- Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, have no double bonds in their fatty acid chains, and are commonly found in animals.
- Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, contain double bonds in their fatty acids, and often have a "kinked" structure due to these bonds.
- Phospholipids are crucial for cell structure and function as they compose cell membranes.
- Cholesterol, a type of lipid that exists in cell membranes, is synthesized in the liver and can contribute to health issues like atherosclerosis if it builds up in the arteries.
Carbon Compounds and Bonding
- Carbon, an essential element for life, has four valence electrons and forms covalent bonds.
- Hydrocarbons, which contain only hydrogen and carbon, serve as the basis for organic compounds. An example is methane, a fuel source.
- Monomers are the single units that combine to form larger structures, known as polymers or macromolecules.
- Dehydration synthesis is the process of combining monomers into polymers while releasing water, while hydrolysis is the breakdown of polymers into monomers using water.
Miscellaneous Facts
- Carbon dioxide is not considered an organic compound because, despite being carbon-based, it lacks hydrogen.
- Carbohydrate molecules often exhibit ring structures, whereas lipid molecules predominantly have chain structures.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on carbohydrates and lipids with this engaging quiz! Explore concepts around organic compounds and their subunits, as well as their significance in biology. Perfect for students studying biology and organic chemistry.