Carbohydrates and Lipids Quiz 10/23
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Questions and Answers

Which organic compound is correctly matched with the subunit that composes it?

  • Protein - Fatty Acid
  • Starch - Glucose (correct)
  • Lipid - Sucrose
  • Maltose - Amino Acid

    • Glucose and maltose are classified as organic compounds because they both are carbon-containing substances.

    True

    Which is an organic compound found in most cells?

    Glucose

    What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in a molecule of glucose?

    <p>2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A specific organic compound contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1. This compound is probably a _____

    <p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the end products of a carbohydrate hydrolysis reaction?

    <p>Simple sugars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for a carbohydrate molecule?

    <p>C6H12O6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The linking together of many molecules of glucose may produce a molecule of _____

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants store carbohydrates in the form of _____

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cellulose is formed from glucose molecules by a process known as _____

    <p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In living organisms, lipids function mainly as _____

    <p>Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In addition to carbon and hydrogen, a molecule of vegetable oil contains _____

    <p>Oxygen only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecules consisting only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms make up a large part of a plant cell wall. These molecules are classified as _____

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbohydrates are primary _________ _________

    <p>Energy sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are carbohydrates made up of?

    <p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (1C:2H:1O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Building blocks of carbs, known as a simple sugar are called _____

    <p>Monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Examples of monosaccharides are _____

    <p>Glucose, fructose, galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Two monosaccharides; formed by dehydration synthesis are called _____

    <p>Disaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Examples of disaccharides are _____

    <p>Sucrose, lactose, maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Made up of more than two monosaccharides is called _____

    <p>Polysaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Examples of polysaccharides are _____

    <p>Starches, glycogen, chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is glucose commonly known as?

    <p>Blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fructose is commonly known as _____

    <p>Fruit sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Galactose is commonly known as _____

    <p>Milk sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sucrose is commonly known as _____

    <p>Table sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lactose is commonly known as _____

    <p>Milk sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maltose is commonly known as _____

    <p>Malt sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Starches are _____

    <p>Stored in plants and cellulose (for structure in cell walls)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen is _____

    <p>Animal starch (found in liver/muscles and broken down into glucose monomers)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chitin is _____

    <p>Found in fungi and arthropods; makes up exoskeletons (like a spider)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Examples of lipids are _____

    <p>Olive oil, deep fried food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lipids made up of?

    <p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen but H to O ratio is not 2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fatty acid is a _____

    <p>Monomer and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is it called that lipids cannot dissolve in water?

    <p>Hydrophobic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are lipids used for?

    <p>Insulation, protection, and storage of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ______ store more energy per gram than _______

    <p>Lipids, carbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of lipids?

    <p>Fats, saturated, unsaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fat that is solid at room temperature, is in animals, and has no double bonds in tails, is called _____

    <p>Saturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fats that are liquid at room temperature, are in plants, and have double bonds in structure are known as _____

    <p>Unsaturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oils are used for _____

    <p>Cooking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are waxes used for?

    <p>Ears, plants (protection)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are phospholipids important?

    <p>Cell structure and function since they make up cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are steroids?

    <p>Sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cholesterol?

    <p>In cell membranes, synthesized and regulated in the liver, build up in arteries and can lead to atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is carbon dioxide not included as an organic compound?

    <p>Though it is carbon based, there is no hydrogen present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many valence electrons does carbon have? What kind of bonds form?

    <p>4, covalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon are called _____

    <p>Hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon is made up of ____________

    <p>Hydrocarbons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Example of a hydrocarbon:

    <p>Methane - fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carbon is based upon single units called ________

    <p>Monomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are chains of monomers called?

    <p>Polymers or macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monomer + monomer - polymer + water (combining) is called _____

    <p>Dehydration synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polymer + water - monomer + monomer (break down) is called _____

    <p>Hydrolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is a ring?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is a chain?

    <p>Lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates Overview

    • Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a ratio of 1:2:1.
    • Glucose and maltose are classified as carbon-containing organic compounds.
    • Simple sugars or monosaccharides serve as the building blocks of carbohydrates, examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
    • Disaccharides, formed by dehydration synthesis of two monosaccharides, include sucrose, lactose, and maltose.
    • Polysaccharides are macromolecules made of more than two monosaccharides; examples are starches, glycogen, and chitin.
    • Starch serves as a storage form of carbohydrates in plants, while cellulose provides structural support in plant cell walls.
    • The chemical formula for glucose is C6H12O6, commonly referred to as blood sugar.
    • Hydrolysis of carbohydrates produces simple sugars, which can then be utilized for energy.

    Lipids Overview

    • Lipids are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen, but do not follow the 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen atomic ratio as carbohydrates.
    • Key functions of lipids include energy storage, insulation, and cellular membrane structure.
    • Common examples of lipids are fats, oils, waxes, and steroids.
    • Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, have no double bonds in their fatty acid chains, and are commonly found in animals.
    • Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, contain double bonds in their fatty acids, and often have a "kinked" structure due to these bonds.
    • Phospholipids are crucial for cell structure and function as they compose cell membranes.
    • Cholesterol, a type of lipid that exists in cell membranes, is synthesized in the liver and can contribute to health issues like atherosclerosis if it builds up in the arteries.

    Carbon Compounds and Bonding

    • Carbon, an essential element for life, has four valence electrons and forms covalent bonds.
    • Hydrocarbons, which contain only hydrogen and carbon, serve as the basis for organic compounds. An example is methane, a fuel source.
    • Monomers are the single units that combine to form larger structures, known as polymers or macromolecules.
    • Dehydration synthesis is the process of combining monomers into polymers while releasing water, while hydrolysis is the breakdown of polymers into monomers using water.

    Miscellaneous Facts

    • Carbon dioxide is not considered an organic compound because, despite being carbon-based, it lacks hydrogen.
    • Carbohydrate molecules often exhibit ring structures, whereas lipid molecules predominantly have chain structures.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on carbohydrates and lipids with this engaging quiz! Explore concepts around organic compounds and their subunits, as well as their significance in biology. Perfect for students studying biology and organic chemistry.

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